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  2. Horseshoe kidney - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseshoe_kidney

    The abnormal anatomy can affect kidney drainage resulting in increased frequency of kidney stones and urinary tract infections as well as increase risk of certain renal cancers. [1] Fusion abnormalities of the kidney can be categorized into two groups: horseshoe kidney and crossed fused ectopia. The 'horseshoe kidney' is the most common renal ...

  3. Wikipedia : Osmosis/Horseshoe kidney

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Horseshoe_kidney

    At this point, the two kidneys are still in the pelvis, and are therefore pretty close together, so close that it’s thought that some flexion or growth of the developing spine and pelvic organs essentially pushes them together, causing the lower or inferior poles of the kidneys to touch and fuse together, forming what’s called a fibrous ...

  4. Kidney - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney

    In humans, the kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped blood-filtering organs [1] that are a multilobar, multipapillary form of mammalian kidneys, usually without signs of external lobulation. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] They are located on the left and right in the retroperitoneal space , and in adult humans are about 12 centimetres ( 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches) in ...

  5. Numerous factors can cause kidney disease. Here are the ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/numerous-factors-cause-kidney...

    She explains that there are two main types of kidney disease: short-term (called acute kidney injury or AKI), which is reversible with timely treatment; and long-term (called chronic kidney ...

  6. Urinary system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_system

    The human urinary system, also known as the urinary tract or renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra.The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH.

  7. Danger triangle of the face - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danger_triangle_of_the_face

    The danger triangle of the face consists of the area from the corners of the mouth to the bridge of the nose, including the nose and maxilla. [1] [2]: 345–346 Due to the special nature of the blood supply to the human nose and surrounding area, it is possible for retrograde infection from the nasal area to spread to the brain, causing cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, or brain abscess.

  8. Nutcracker syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutcracker_syndrome

    Patients may also have orthostatic proteinuria, or the presence of protein in their urine depending on how they sit or stand. [ 6 ] Since the left gonadal vein drains via the left renal vein , it can also result in left testicular pain [ 7 ] in men or left lower quadrant pain in women, especially during intercourse and during menstruation. [ 8 ]

  9. Branchio-oto-renal syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branchio-oto-renal_syndrome

    The signs and symptoms of branchio-oto-renal syndrome are consistent with underdeveloped (hypoplastic) or absent kidneys with resultant chronic kidney disease or kidney failure. Ear anomalies include extra openings in front of the ears, extra pieces of skin in front of the ears (preauricular tags ), or further malformation or absence of the ...