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Optic nerve melanocytoma does not usually produce symptoms or grow. If they slowly grow, optic nerve melanocytoma can produce afferent pupillary defects (30%), subretinal fluid (10%), and an enlarged blind spot (75%). On fundoscopic exam, the optic disc may be swollen, atrophic, or even normal. [1] Central retinal vein occlusion may occur.
Coloboma of optic nerve is a rare defect of the optic nerve that causes moderate to severe visual field defects. Coloboma of the optic nerve is a congenital anomaly of the optic disc in which there is a defect of the inferior aspect of the optic nerve. The issue stems from incomplete closure of the embryonic fissure while in utero.
Ocular disc dysplasia is the most notable ocular defect of the disease. An abnormal development in the optic stalk causes optic disc dysplasia, which is caused by a mutation in the Pax2 gene. [4] The nerve head typically resembles the morning glory disc anomaly, but has also been described as a coloboma. [4]
Optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSM) are rare benign tumors of the optic nerve. 60–70% of cases occur in middle age females, and is more common in older adults (mean age 44.7 years). It is also seen in children, but this is rare. The tumors grow from cells that surround the optic nerve, and as the tumor grows, it compresses the optic nerve.
The optic tract is a continuation of the optic nerve that relays information from the optic chiasm to the ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), pretectal nuclei, and superior colliculus. [14] The optic tract represents the first stage in the visual pathway in which visual information is transferred in a homonymous nature. [ 15 ]
NAION is believed to be caused by reduced blood flow to the optic nerve head. It can lead to permanent visual loss in one eye that may develop painlessly and suddenly or over several days before ...
A coloboma (from the Greek κολόβωμα, meaning "defect") [1] is a hole in one of the structures of the eye, such as the iris, retina, choroid, or optic disc.The hole is present from birth and can be caused when a gap called the choroid fissure, which is present during early stages of prenatal development, fails to close up completely before a child is born.
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