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In contrast, the marginal cost of funds (MCF) is the size of the distortion that accompanied the last unit of revenue raised (i.e. the rate of change of distortion with respect to revenue). In most cases, the MCF increases as the amount of tax collected increases. [citation needed]
In the pre-tax equilibrium the distance equals $5.00 x 0.20 = $1.00. This burden of the tax is again shared by the buyer and seller. If the new equilibrium quantity decreases to 85 and the buyer bears a higher proportion of the tax burden (e.g. $0.75), the total amount of tax collected equals $1.00 x 85 = $85.00.
Economists distinguish between the entities who ultimately bear the tax burden and those on whom the tax is initially imposed. The tax burden measures the true economic effect of the tax, measured by the difference between real incomes or utilities before and after imposing the tax, and taking into account how the tax causes prices to change.
Substitution effect means that the taxpayer changes their preferences as their marginal benefits from the consumption of goods, income, labor, leisure, etc. Only flat taxes do not cause this effect. Its size depends on the marginal tax rate. The higher is the marginal rate, the higher is the substitution effect. [2]
Tax deduction at source (TDS) has come into existence with the motive of collecting tax from different sources of income. As per this concept, a person (Payer) who is responsible to make payment of specified nature to any other person (Payee) shall deduct tax at source before making payment to such person (Payee) and remit the same into the account of the Central Government.
Tax law or revenue law is an area of legal study in which public or sanctioned authorities, such as federal, state and municipal governments (as in the case of the US) use a body of rules and procedures (laws) to assess and collect taxes in a legal context. The rates and merits of the various taxes, imposed by the authorities, are attained via ...
The principle of convenience can be used to guide the design of the tax structure in the following ways: A general tax on benefits - taxing benefits would adjust taxes to each taxpayer's demand for public goods. Given the diversity of preferences, a universal tax formula would not be sufficient for all individuals.
For example, if a person directly pays his or her income tax to the government [4] (with no employer withholding), the statutory burden would fall on consumers. If a tax is imposed on the producers of gasoline, however, the statutory burden would fall on producers. The economic incidence of a tax falls on the party that bears the actual cost of ...