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Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidney, typically due to a bacterial infection. [3] Symptoms most often include fever and flank tenderness . [ 2 ] Other symptoms may include nausea , burning with urination , and frequent urination . [ 2 ]
[5] [6] Risk factors include a family history of chronic kidney disease. [2] Diagnosis is by blood tests to measure the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and a urine test to measure albumin. [8] Ultrasound or kidney biopsy may be performed to determine the underlying cause. [5] Several severity-based staging systems are in use. [13] [14]
Pyelonephritis is usually caused by bacterial infections. [ 42 ] [ 43 ] Some diseases may be species specific, [ 44 ] and parasitic kidney diseases are common in some species. [ 45 ] [ 46 ] The structural characteristics of the mammalian kidneys make them vulnerable to ischemic and toxic injuries. [ 47 ]
Complications of analgesic nephropathy include pyelonephritis [3] and end-stage kidney disease. [4] Risk factors for poor prognosis include recurrent urinary tract infection and persistently elevated blood pressure. [5] Analgesic nephropathy also appears to increase the risk of developing cancers of the urinary system. [6]
For acute cystitis and pyelonephritis in pregnant women, empiric antibiotic treatment is often initiated. Commonly used antibiotics for uncomplicated cystitis include amoxicillin-clavulanate and fosfomycin, while parenteral beta-lactams are preferred for acute pyelonephritis. These options are chosen because they are considered safer in ...
It’s a simple question with a complicated answer. Dogs eat grass all the time, but the reasons why are varied. Technically, eating non-food is known as Pica, a behavior condition associated with ...
A teen actor, whose credits include the 2017 film Baby Driver and the reboot of the television action series MacGyver, died after he reportedly fell from a moving vehicle in Alabama last week ...
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a term used to refer to several kidney diseases (usually affecting both kidneys). Many of the diseases are characterised by inflammation either of the glomeruli or of the small blood vessels in the kidneys, hence the name, [1] but not all diseases necessarily have an inflammatory component.