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  2. Respiratory system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_system

    The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary ...

  3. Breathing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breathing

    The lungs are not capable of inflating themselves, and will expand only when there is an increase in the volume of the thoracic cavity. [6] [7] In humans, as in the other mammals, this is achieved primarily through the contraction of the diaphragm, but also by the contraction of the intercostal muscles which pull the rib cage upwards and outwards as shown in the diagrams on the right. [8]

  4. Breathing circuit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breathing_circuit

    From top to bottom: a Mapleson C system manufactured by Intersurgical; a Mapleson E system, to which a red Venturi valve has been fitted so as to reduce the delivered oxygen concentration; and a Mapleson F system manufactured by Intersurgical. There are many forms of breathing system, each having somewhat different mechanisms of action.

  5. Oxygen cascade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_cascade

    As oxygen continues to flow down the concentration gradient from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration, it must pass through barriers such as the alveoli walls, capillary walls, capillary blood plasma, red blood cell membrane, interstitial space, other cell membranes, and cell cytoplasm. The partial pressure of oxygen ...

  6. Control of ventilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_of_ventilation

    Breathing is normally an unconscious, involuntary, automatic process. The pattern of motor stimuli during breathing can be divided into an inhalation stage and an exhalation stage. Inhalation shows a sudden, ramped increase in motor discharge to the respiratory muscles (and the pharyngeal constrictor muscles). [5]

  7. Gas exchange - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_exchange

    The lungs are usually simpler than in the other land vertebrates, with few internal septa and larger alveoli; however, toads, which spend more time on land, have a larger alveolar surface with more developed lungs. To increase the rate of gas exchange by diffusion, amphibians maintain the concentration gradient across the respiratory surface ...

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  9. File:Respiratory system complete en.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Respiratory_system...

    English: The respiratory system consists of the airways, the lungs, and the respiratory muscles that mediate the movement of air into and out of the body. Español : Diagrama esquemático del sistema respiratorio humano , mostrando los pulmones , los alvéolos , y los músculos que permiten al aire entrar y salir del cuerpo.