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The Romans used inverted siphons of lead pipes to cross valleys that were too big to construct an aqueduct. [41] [42] [43] Inverted siphons are commonly called traps for their function in preventing sewer gases from coming back out of sewers [44] and sometimes making dense objects like rings and electronic components retrievable after falling ...
Water enters at right, fills the trap, and continues left. Inverted siphoning occurs below the line "A". Examples of traps. In plumbing, a trap is a U-shaped portion of pipe designed to trap liquid or gas to prevent unwanted flow; most notably sewer gases from entering buildings while allowing waste materials to pass through. In oil refineries ...
Conversely, the obvert level is the highest interior level, and can be considered the "ceiling" level, being the highest level of that sewer. The bottom of the sewer is called the invert from a general resemblance in construction to an "inverted" arch. [2] An inverted arch is a rounded structure with its crown facing in the downward position.
The Ancient Greeks of Athens and Asia Minor also used an indoor plumbing system, used for pressurized showers. [29] The Greek inventor Heron used pressurized piping for fire fighting purposes in the City of Alexandria. [30] An inverted siphon system, along with glass covered clay pipes, was used for the first time in the palaces of Crete, Greece.
In the U.S., every plumbing fixture must also be coupled to the system's vent piping. [1] Without a vent, negative pressure from water leaving the system can slow flow (resulting in clogs) or cause a siphon to empty a trap. The high point of the vent system (the top of its "soil stack") must be open to the exterior at atmospheric pressure.
A lift station is a sewer sump that lifts accumulated sewage to a higher elevation. They may also be used to prime an inverted siphon used to cross underneath rivers or other obstructions. The pump may discharge to another gravity sewer or directly to a treatment plant. [6]
This page was last edited on 21 August 2015, at 17:33 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may ...
Map of London sewer network, late 19th century Sewerage (or sewage system ) is the infrastructure that conveys sewage or surface runoff ( stormwater , meltwater , rainwater ) using sewers. It encompasses components such as receiving drains , manholes , pumping stations , storm overflows, and screening chambers of the combined sewer or sanitary ...