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The symptoms and signs associated with convergence insufficiency are related to prolonged, visually demanding, near-centered tasks. They may include, but are not limited to, diplopia (double vision), asthenopia (eye strain), transient blurred vision, difficulty sustaining near-visual function, abnormal fatigue, headache, and abnormal postural adaptation, among others.
A large-scale randomized clinical trial known as the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) found that office-based vision therapy combined with at-home therapy was more effective than placebo therapy (in-office placebo treatments) for improving symptoms and clinical signs of convergence insufficiency in children and adults.
Binasal occlusion is used in treatment of patients with sensory deficits due to complications of traumatic brain injury or having had a stroke, as well as patients with diplopia, esotropia, convergence excess, divergence insufficiency, or visual overstimulation. [2]
Currently there is no treatment for this condition, but, it is usually self limiting. [1] Systemic administration of corticosteroids may be advised. [2] Even if the disease is resolved, the enlarged blind spot usually does not return to normal. [5]
Vision therapy is a broad concept that encompasses a wide range of treatment types. [3] These include those aimed at convergence insufficiency – where it is often termed "vergence therapy" or "orthoptic therapy" – and at a variety of neurological, educational and spatial difficulties. [3]
Suppression of an eye is a subconscious adaptation by a person's brain to eliminate the symptoms of disorders of binocular vision such as strabismus, convergence insufficiency and aniseikonia. The brain can eliminate double vision by ignoring all or part of the image of one of the eyes.
Accommodative insufficiency (AI) involves the inability of the eye to focus properly on an object. Accommodation is the adjustment of the curvature of the lens to focus on objects near and far. In this condition, amplitude of accommodation of a person is lesser compared to physiological limits for his age. [ 1 ]
A common form of exotropia is known as "convergence insufficiency" that responds well to orthoptic vision therapy including exercises. This disorder is characterized by an inability of the eyes to work together when used for near viewing, such as reading.