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Phlebotomy is the process of making a puncture in a vein, usually in the arm, with a cannula for the purpose of drawing blood. [1] The procedure itself is known as a venipuncture , which is also used for intravenous therapy .
Therapeutic phlebotomy is used today in the treatment of a few diseases, including hemochromatosis and polycythemia. [42] It is practiced by specifically trained practitioners in hospitals, using modern techniques, and is also known as a therapeutic phlebotomy.
Early craftsmen often varied the number of blades, the types of materials used for the bolsters, and the types of instruments included in the bolster for patient care. Pictured to the right is a three-blade fleam with a horn handle made in Scotland by the Sanderson craftsmen.
Despite significant advances in anatomy and surgical techniques during the Renaissance, surgery remained a last-resort treatment largely due to the pain associated with it. [13] [14] This limited surgical procedures to addressing only life-threatening conditions, with techniques focused on speed to limit blood loss. All of these interventions ...
Catgut sutures were used by the ancient Romans as early as the 2nd century CE. [138] [139] [140] They also used sutures with metallic hooks. [109] Celsus discusses other kinds of suturing techniques in his medical literature. He wrote that the wounds were to be stitched up. Roman doctors used linen, wool, silk, hair, and clips to seal wounds.
Breathing a Vein, a caricature of bloodletting by venesection by James Gillray, 1804 [1]. Heroic medicine, also referred to as heroic depletion theory, was a therapeutic method advocating for rigorous treatment of bloodletting, purging, and sweating to shock the body back to health after an illness caused by a humoral imbalance.
Other early references from the Iron Age can be found in the Bible. For example, according to the Genesis creation narrative, God breathed life into the nostrils of the first man. [8] Later - according to the first Book of Kings - the prophet Elijah (the disciple and protégé of Elijah) resuscitated a Phoenician boy in the city of Zarephath. [9]
Physicians also examined blood via phlebotomy, they would observe the viscosity and color of the blood as it was draining from the patient and/or contained in a vial. The color and viscosity denoted whether the patient had an acute, major, or chronic disease; which also assisted the physician with the next course of action. [25]
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