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Sir Richard Arkwright (23 December 1732 – 3 August 1792) was an English inventor and a leading entrepreneur during the early Industrial Revolution.He is credited as the driving force behind the development of the spinning frame, known as the water frame after it was adapted to use water power; and he patented a rotary carding engine to convert raw cotton to 'cotton lap' prior to spinning.
Richard Arkwright, who patented the technology in 1769, [1] designed a model for the production of cotton thread, which was first used in 1765. [2] [3] The Arkwright water frame was able to spin 96 threads at a time, which was an easier and faster method than ever before. [4]
Richard Arkwright employed John Kay to produce a new spinning machine that Kay had worked on with (or possibly stolen from) another inventor named Thomas Highs. [2] With the help of other local craftsmen, including Peter Atherton, the team developed the spinning frame, which produced a stronger thread than the spinning jenny invented by James Hargreaves. [3]
An Arkwright water frame made in 1775. In 1767, Kay commenced a working relationship with Richard Arkwright, an entrepreneur. [6] The character of this relationship, and in particular, the competing claims of Arkwright, Kay, and also Highs to primacy as inventors, were subsequently to become the subjects of bitter legal dispute (see below).
1769: The water frame, a water-powered spinning frame, invented by Richard Arkwright (1732–1792). c. 1770: Coade stone, a high quality stoneware, created by Eleanor Coade (1733–1821). 1784–1789: Power loom developed by Edmund Cartwright (1743–1823). 1795: Hydraulic press invented by Joseph Bramah (1748–1814).
Cromford Mill is the world's first water-powered cotton spinning mill, developed by Richard Arkwright in 1771 in Cromford, Derbyshire, England. The mill structure is classified as a Grade I listed building. [1]
Samuel Crompton invented the spinning mule, which improved the industrialised production of thread for textile manufacture. The spinning mule combined features of James Hargreaves' spinning jenny and Richard Arkwright's water frame. 1781. The Iron Bridge, the first arch bridge made of cast iron, is built by Abraham Darby III. [11] 1783
Arkwright's Cromford Mill. Richard Arkwright first spinning mill, Cromford Mill, Derbyshire, was built in 1771. It contained his invention the water frame. The water frame was developed from the spinning frame that Arkwright had developed with (a different) John Kay, from Warrington.