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The first diagrammatic map of London's rapid transit network was designed by Harry Beck in 1931. [1] [2] He was a London Underground employee who realised that because the railway ran mostly underground, the physical locations of the stations were largely irrelevant to the traveller wanting to know how to get from one station to another; only the topology of the route mattered.
The current standard Tube map shows the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, IFS Cloud Cable Car, London Tramlink and the London Underground; [273] a more detailed map covering a larger area, published by National Rail and Transport for London, includes suburban railway services. [203]
An unofficial topological tube map of the London Underground system. Also included are the London Overground, Docklands Light Railway, the Tramlink and Elizabeth line systems for integration purposes. The London Underground is a metro system in the United Kingdom that serves Greater London and the home counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and ...
London Underground A60 Stock (left) and 1938 Stock (right) trains showing the difference in the sizes of the two types of rolling stock operated on the system. A60 stock trains operated on the surface and sub-surface sections of the Metropolitan line from 1961 to 2012 and 1938 Stock operated on various deep level tube lines from 1938 to 1988.
The railway infrastructure of the London Underground includes 11 lines, with 272 stations.There are two types of line on the London Underground: services that run on the sub-surface network just below the surface using larger trains, and the deep-level tube lines, that are mostly self-contained and use smaller trains.
The London Underground first opened as an underground railway in 1863 and its first electrified underground line opened in 1890, [1] making it the world's oldest metro system. [2] The Beijing Subway is the world's longest metro network at 815.2 kilometres (507 mi) and the Shanghai Metro has the highest annual ridership at 2.83 billion trips. [3]
Transport for London (TfL) is a local government body responsible for most of the transport network in London, United Kingdom. [2]TfL is the successor organization of the London Passenger Transport Board, which was established in 1933, and several other bodies in the intervening years.
Total track length is 147.1 kilometres (91.4 mi), of which 52.8 kilometres (32.8 mi) is in tunnel; [3] [48] this track is electrified with a four-rail DC system: a central conductor rail is energised at −210 V and a rail outside the running rail at +420 V, giving a potential difference of 630 V. [49]