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Pre-miRNA instead of Pri-miRNA in the first point of mechanism. Diagram of microRNA (miRNA) action with mRNA Examples of miRNA stem-loops, with the mature miRNAs shown in red Micro ribonucleic acid ( microRNA , miRNA , μRNA ) are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules containing 21–23 nucleotides . [ 1 ]
miR-92 is part of a large precursor sequence that forms a stem loop once transcribed into RNA. This long precursor sequence is a component of the mir-17-92 cluster which contains 5 additional mir precursor sequences: mir-17, mir-18a, mir-19a, mir-20a and mir19b-1. [4]
The miR-15 microRNA precursor family is made up of small non-coding RNA genes that regulate gene expression. The family includes the related mir-15a and mir-15b sequences, as well as miR-16-1, miR-16-2, miR-195 and miR-497.
The RNase III Dicer is a critical member of RISC that initiates the RNA interference process by producing double-stranded siRNA or single-stranded miRNA. Enzymatic cleavage of dsRNA within the cell produces the short siRNA fragments of 21-23 nucleotides in length with a two-nucleotide 3' overhang.
The miR-1 microRNA precursor is a small micro RNA that regulates its target protein's expression in the cell. microRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give products at ~22 nucleotides. [1]
The mature miRNA of miR-26a-1 and miR-26a-2 possesses the same sequence, with the exception of 2 different nucleotides in mature miR-26b. [ 2 ] miR-26 appears to be a vertebrate specific microRNA [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and has now been predicted or experimentally validated in many vertebrate species ( MIPF0000043 ).
p53-deficient human gastric cancer cells, restoration of functional miR-34 inhibits cell growth and induces chemosensitization and apoptosis, indicating that miR-34 may restore p53 function. Restoration of miR-34 inhibits tumorsphere formation and growth, which is reported to be correlated to the self-renewal of cancer stem cells.
A miRNA can be derived from each arm of the pre-miRNA hairpin. Historically, the least common of these two miRNA products was denoted by the addition of * to the miRNA name, however the modern convention is to denote mature miRNA products as 5p or 3p. [11] Both mir-10 and mir-10* have been detected in Drosophila.