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The Australian Cervical Cancer Foundation (ACCF), founded in 2008, promotes 'women's health by eliminating cervical cancer and enabling treatment for women with cervical cancer and related health issues, in Australia and in developing countries.' [168] Ian Frazer, one of the developers of the Gardasil cervical cancer vaccine, is the scientific ...
All HPV vaccines protect against at least HPV types 16 and 18, which cause the greatest risk of cervical cancer. The quadrivalent vaccines also protect against HPV types 6 and 11. The nonavalent vaccine Gardasil 9 provides protection against those four types (6, 11, 16, and 18), along with five other high-risk HPV types responsible for 20% of ...
By contrast, HPV types 6 and 11 are considered low risk because they’re not associated with cancer, but they can cause genital warts. HPV spreads through sexual contact, including direct genital ...
The cause of CIN is chronic infection of the cervix with HPV, especially infection with high-risk HPV types 16 or 18. It is thought that the high-risk HPV infections have the ability to inactivate tumor suppressor genes such as the p53 gene and the RB gene, thus allowing the infected cells to grow unchecked and accumulate successive mutations, eventually leading to cancer.
Early detection can be life-saving. Woman waiting for a cervical cancer screening. In the U.S., about 11,500 people are diagnosed with cervical cancer every year, according to CDC data.About 4,000 ...
The Pap smear, on the other hand, looks for abnormal changes to cervical cells caused by HPV "that may — if left untreated — turn into cervical cancer," according to the NCI. “It can also ...
HPV is well known for causing genital warts and essentially all cases of cervical cancer, but it can also infect and cause cancer in several other parts of the body, including the esophagus larynx, lining of the mouth, nose, and throat, anus, vulva, vagina, and penis. The Papanicolaou smear ("Pap" smear) is a widely used cancer screening test ...
Certain cancers can be prevented with vaccines against the viruses that cause them (e.g., HPV vaccines as prevention against cervical cancer). [9] Additionally, patient education about worrisome symptoms that require further evaluation is paramount to reduce morbidity and mortality from cancer.