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The reaction is used for the transfer of methyl and ethyl groups between benzene rings. This is of particular value in the petrochemical industry [1] to manufacture p-xylene, styrene, [2] and other aromatic compounds. Motivation for using transalkylation reactions is based on a difference in production and demand for benzene, toluene, and xylenes.
That is, the heat of combustion, ΔH° comb, is the heat of reaction of the following process: C c H h N n O o (std.) + (c + h ⁄ 4 - o ⁄ 2) O 2 (g) → c CO 2 (g) + h ⁄ 2 H 2 O (l) + n ⁄ 2 N 2 (g) Chlorine and sulfur are not quite standardized; they are usually assumed to convert to hydrogen chloride gas and SO 2 or SO
This reaction is catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1 in baker's yeast). [3] As shown by the reaction equation, glycolysis causes the reduction of two molecules of NAD + to NADH. Two ADP molecules are also converted to two ATP and two water molecules via substrate-level phosphorylation.
Alcohol oxidation is a collection of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry that convert alcohols to aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. The reaction mainly applies to primary and secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols form ketones, while primary alcohols form aldehydes or carboxylic acids. [1] A variety of oxidants can be used.
Ethane (US: / ˈ ɛ θ eɪ n / ETH-ayn, UK: / ˈ iː-/ EE-) is a naturally occurring organic chemical compound with chemical formula C 2 H 6. At standard temperature and pressure, ethane is a colorless, odorless gas. Like many hydrocarbons, ethane is isolated on an industrial scale from natural gas and as a petrochemical by-product of petroleum ...
The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic drinks. The suffix -ol appears in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the ...
In commercial applications, the alkylating agents are generally alkenes, some of the largest scale reactions practiced in industry.Such alkylations are of major industrial importance, e.g. for the production of ethylbenzene, the precursor to polystyrene, from benzene and ethylene and for the production of cumene from benzene and propene in cumene process:
The Henry reaction is a classic carbon–carbon bond formation reaction in organic chemistry. Discovered in 1895 by the Belgian chemist Louis Henry (1834–1913), it is the combination of a nitroalkane and an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a base to form β-nitro alcohols.