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Cholera is caused by a number of types of Vibrio cholerae, with some types producing more severe disease than others. [2] It is spread mostly by unsafe water and unsafe food that has been contaminated with human feces containing the bacteria. [2] Undercooked shellfish is a common source. [9] Humans are the only known host for the bacteria. [2]
[37] [41] Worldwide, diarrhoeal disease, caused by cholera and many other pathogens, is the second-leading cause of death for children under the age of 5 and at least 120,000 deaths are estimated to be caused by cholera each year. [42] [43] In 2002, the WHO deemed that the case fatality ratio for cholera was about 3.95%. [37]
Vibrio cholerae bacteria are transmitted through contaminated water. [10] Once ingested, the bacteria colonize the intestinal tract of the host and produce a toxin which causes body fluids to flow across the lining of the intestine. Death can result in 2–3 hours from dehydration if no treatment is provided. [11]
Cholera (caused by Vibrio cholerae bacteria) and bubonic plague, or the Black Death (caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis) are some of the most famous examples of how devastating a pandemic can be.
The post A cholera outbreak in Zambia has caused more than 400 deaths and infected 10,000 appeared first on TheGrio. The Health Ministry says cholera has been detected in nearly half of the ...
Koch's postulation was proven correct by Indian microbiologist Sambhu Nath De, who in 1951 studied and documented the effects of injecting rabbits with heat-killed cholera bacteria. [5] He concluded from this experiment that an endotoxin liberated upon disintegration of the bacteria was the cause of the symptoms of cholera. [5]
Viruses (particularly rotavirus (in children) and norovirus (in adults)) and the bacteria Escherichia coli and Campylobacter species are the primary causes of gastroenteritis. [ 15 ] [ 25 ] There are, however, many other infectious agents that can cause this syndrome including parasites and fungi .
Cholera is caused by eating food or drinking water that is contaminated with the bacteria V. cholerae. It affects both children and adults, causing severe watery diarrhea with dehydration. But, as noted, the El Tor strain has persisted for decades to the present, causing repeated epidemics in varied locations, with 570,000 cases in 1991 alone.