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The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective psychological test developed during the 1930s by Henry A. Murray and Christiana D. Morgan at Harvard University. Proponents of the technique assert that subjects' responses, in the narratives they make up about ambiguous pictures of people, reveal their underlying motives, concerns, and the ...
He also believed that these needs could be measured by projective tests, specifically one he had developed, known as the thematic apperception test (TAT). Unlike Maslow's hierarchy of needs , Murray's needs are not based on a hierarchy; individuals may be high in one and low in the other, and multiple needs may be affected by a single action.
She was first author with Henry (Harry) Murray in the first publication of the test, [4] and as late as 1941 the test was known as the "Morgan-Murray Thematic Apperception Test" . [5] When the current version of the test was published by the Harvard University Press in 1943, authorship was attributed only to "Henry A. Murray, M.D., and the ...
Another popular projective test is the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) in which an individual views ambiguous scenes of people, and is asked to describe various aspects of the scene; for example, the subject may be asked to describe what led up to this scene, the emotions of the characters, and what might happen afterwards.
The idea animating projective tests is that the examinee is thought to project hidden aspects of his or her personality, including unconscious content, onto the ambiguous stimuli presented in the test. Examples of projective tests include Rorschach test, [44] Thematic apperception test, [45] and the Draw-A-Person test. [46]
To determine how strongly an individual felt each of the three needs, McClelland used the thematic apperception test (TAT), which is designed to uncover a person's unconscious drives, emotions, wants and needs. During the test, a psychologist shows an individual a series of picture cards depicting ambiguous situations and asks them to tell a ...
Measured with the thematic apperception test (TAT), need for achievement motivates an individual to succeed in competition, and to excel in activities important to them. [ 5 ] N-Ach is related to the difficulty of tasks people choose to undertake.
Magda B. Arnold posing for Contemporary Psychology journal review (1961) [1] Magda Blondiau Arnold (born Magda Barta-Blondau; December 22, 1903 – October 5, 2002) [2] was a Canadian psychologist who was the first contemporary theorist to develop appraisal theory of emotions, which moved away from "feeling" theories (e.g. James-Lange theory) and "behaviorist" theories (e.g. Cannon-Bard theory ...