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In welding, equivalent carbon content (C.E) is used to understand how the different alloying elements affect hardness of the steel being welded. This is then directly related to hydrogen-induced cold cracking , which is the most common weld defect for steel, thus it is most commonly used to determine weldability .
As the equivalent carbon content rises, the weldability of the alloy decreases. [4] High-strength low-alloy steels (HSLA) were developed especially for welding applications during the 1970s, and these generally easy to weld materials have good strength, making them ideal for many welding applications. [5]
The hardenability of ferrous alloys, i.e. steels, is a function of the carbon content and other alloying elements and the grain size of the austenite. [1] The relative importance of the various alloying elements is calculated by finding the equivalent carbon content of the material.
There are a couple of noteworthy enhancements with ASTM A992. Material ductility is well defined since a maximum yield-to-tensile strength ratio of 0.85 is specified. Additionally, weldability is improved since a maximum carbon equivalent value of 0.45 (0.47 for Group 4 and 5 shapes) is required. ASTM A992 is written to cover all hot-rolled ...
Maraging blades are superior for foil and épée because crack propagation in maraging steel is 10 times slower than in carbon steel, resulting in less frequent breaking of the blade and fewer injuries. [i] [19] Stainless maraging steel is used in bicycle frames (e.g. Reynolds 953 introduced in 2013) [20] and golf club heads. [21]
The opening weeks of the NBA season have been besieged by absent stars. This past week’s games turned out to be particularly destructive. First, on Thursday, news broke that Philadelphia 76ers ...
The Dow Jones Industrial Average is chock-full of industry-leading blue chip stocks-- many of which pay dividends.But the Dow tends to underperform the S&P 500 during growth-driven rallies when ...
This is a list of welding processes, separated into their respective categories. The associated N reference numbers (second column) are specified in ISO 4063 (in the European Union published as EN ISO 4063 ). [ 1 ]