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XY complete gonadal dysgenesis, also known as Swyer syndrome, is a type of defect hypogonadism in a person whose karyotype is 46,XY. Though they typically have normal vulvas, [1] the person has underdeveloped gonads, fibrous tissue termed "streak gonads", and if left untreated, will not experience puberty.
Unlike diagnostic efforts prompted by symptoms and medical signs, cancer screening involves efforts to detect cancer after it has formed, but before any noticeable symptoms appear. [162] This may involve physical examination, blood or urine tests or medical imaging. [162] Cancer screening is not available for many types of cancers. Even when ...
Prenatal testing is a tool that can be used to detect some birth defects at various stages prior to birth. Prenatal testing consists of prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis, which are aspects of prenatal care that focus on detecting problems with the pregnancy as early as possible. [1]
All cancer screening tests generate both false-positive and false-negative results, with a tendency to yield more false positives. [10] False-negative tests may provide a false sense of reassurance, possibly leading to a bad prognosis if the cancer is diagnosed at a later stage, despite the utilization of surgeries, therapies, and other treatments.
Immunologic pregnancy tests were introduced in 1960 when Wide and Gemzell presented a test based on in-vitro hemagglutination inhibition. This was a first step away from in-vivo pregnancy testing [42] [43] and initiated a series of improvements in pregnancy testing leading to the contemporary at-home testing. [43]
Streak gonads are a form of aplasia, resulting in hormonal failure that manifests as sexual infantism and infertility, with no initiation of puberty and secondary sex characteristics. [ 4 ] Gonadal development is a process, which is primarily controlled genetically by the chromosomal sex ( XX or XY ), which directs the formation of the gonad ...
Signs and Symptoms Individuals with XX gonadal dysgenesis appear phenotypical female with normal internal and external genitalia, bilateral streak gonads, and normal stature. Diagnosis commonly occurs in adolescence due to delayed puberty or amenorrhea.
Depending on severity, common symptoms in pregnancy can develop into complications. [1] Pregnancy symptoms may be categorized based on trimester as well as region of the body affected. Each pregnancy can be quite different and many people do not experience the same or all of the symptoms. If a person is concerned about their symptoms they ...