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Oculomotor nerve palsy or oculomotor neuropathy [1] is an eye condition resulting from damage to the third cranial nerve or a branch thereof. As the name suggests, the oculomotor nerve supplies the majority of the muscles controlling eye movements (four of the six extraocular muscles, excluding only the lateral rectus and superior oblique).
On the converse, an aneurysm which leads to compression of the oculomotor nerve affects the superficial fibers and manifests as a third nerve palsy with loss of the pupillary reflex (in fact, this third nerve finding is considered to represent an aneurysm—until proven otherwise—and should be investigated). [3]
[3] [2] It contributes the autonomic, parasympathetic component to the oculomotor nerve (CN III), [4] ultimately providing innervation to the iris sphincter muscle and ciliary muscle to mediate the pupillary light reflex and accommodation, respectively. [2] [3] The Edinger–Westphal nucleus has two parts.
Most typically, humans are considered to have twelve pairs of cranial nerves (I–XII), with the terminal nerve (0) more recently canonized. [2] [5] The nerves are: the olfactory nerve (I), the optic nerve (II), oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV), trigeminal nerve (V), abducens nerve (VI), facial nerve (VII), vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII), glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X ...
Its name (trigeminal, from Latin tri- 'three' and -geminus 'twin' [1]) derives from each of the two nerves (one on each side of the pons) having three major branches: the ophthalmic nerve (V 1), the maxillary nerve (V 2), and the mandibular nerve (V 3). The ophthalmic and maxillary nerves are purely sensory, whereas the mandibular nerve ...
The optic chiasm, or optic chiasma is the part of the brain where both optic nerves cross. It is located at the bottom of the brain immediately inferior to the hypothalamus . [ 7 ] Signs and symptoms associated with optic chiasm lesions are also known as chiasmal syndrome .
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The Cavernous Sinus. Each trochlear nerve originates from a trochlear nucleus in the medial midbrain.From their respective nuclei, the two trochlear nerves then travel dorsal-ward through the substance of the midbrain surrounded by the periaqueductal gray, crossing over (decussating) within the midbrain before emerging from the dorsal midbrain [3] [4] just inferior to the inferior colliculus. [4]