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The Suess cycle, or de Vries cycle, is a cycle present in radiocarbon proxies of solar activity with a period of about 210 years. It was named after Hans Eduard Suess and Hessel de Vries . [ 49 ] Despite calculated radioisotope production rates being well correlated with the 400-year sunspot record, there is little evidence of the Suess cycle ...
Sunspot counts exist since 1610 [2] but the cycle numbering is not well defined during the Maunder minimum. [3] It was proposed that one cycle might have been lost in the late 18th century, [4] but this remains not fully confirmed. Solar cycles can be reconstructed indirectly, using the radiocarbon 14 C proxy, for the last millennium. [5]
Sunspot number is correlated with the intensity of solar radiation over the period since 1979, when satellite measurements became available. The variation caused by the sunspot cycle to solar output is on the order of 0.1% of the solar constant (a peak-to-trough range of 1.3 W·m −2 compared with 1366 W·m −2 for the average solar constant).
The Solar Cycle 25 Prediction Panel predicted in December 2019 [11] that solar cycle 25 will be similar to solar cycle 24, with the preceding solar cycle minimum in April 2020 (± 6 months), and the number of sunspots reaching a (smoothed) maximum of 115 in July 2025 (± 8 months).
The study of [sun spot] cycles was generally popular through the first half of the century. Governments had collected a lot of weather data to play with and inevitably people found correlations between sun spot cycles and select weather patterns. If rainfall in England didn't fit the cycle, maybe storminess in New England would.
To calculate the 13-month smoothed monthly mean sunspot number, which is commonly used to calculate the minima and maxima of solar cycles, a tapered-boxcar smoothing function is used. For a given month m {\displaystyle m} , with a monthly sunspot number of R m {\displaystyle R_{m}} , the smoothed monthly mean R s {\displaystyle R_{s}} can be ...
NASA Solar Cycle 24 Sunspot Number Prediction. Solar cycle 24 is the most recently completed solar cycle, the 24th since 1755, when extensive recording of solar sunspot activity began. [1] [2] It began in December 2008 with a minimum smoothed sunspot number of 2.2, [3] [failed verification] and ended in December 2019. [4] Activity was minimal ...
On average, the solar cycle takes about 11 years to go from one solar minimum to the next, with duration observed varying from 9 to 14 years. The date of the minimum is described by a smoothed average over 12 months of sunspot activity, so identifying the date of the solar minimum usually can only happen 6 months after the minimum takes place.