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These drugs act nonspecifically. Electrophilic alkylating agents such as nitrogen mustards, methanesulfonates, and cisplatins tend to act in this manner to produce a variety of DNA damage products such as mono- and dialkylation, inter- and intrastrand crosslinks, and DNA-protein crosslinks.
Iodoacetamide is an irreversible inhibitor of all cysteine peptidases, with the mechanism of inhibition occurring from alkylation of the catalytic cysteine residue (see schematic).
Since this drug is a bifunctional alkylator, it can react at two different sites in the DNA, forming intra- and interstrand cross-links. [11] The structural modifications of DNA caused by chlornaphazine lead to misreading of the DNA code, the inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, and programmed cell death. [12]
Busulfan was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in 1999. Busulfan was the mainstay of the chemotherapeutic treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) until it was displaced by the new gold standard, imatinib, though it is still in use to a degree as a result of the drug's relative low cost.
Typical route for alkylation of benzene with ethylene and ZSM-5 as a heterogeneous catalyst. Alkylation is a chemical reaction that entails transfer of an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion, or a carbene (or their equivalents).
Mitomycin C is a potent DNA crosslinker.A single crosslink per genome has shown to be effective in killing bacteria. This is accomplished by reductive activation of mitomycin to form a mitosene, which reacts successively via N-alkylation of two DNA bases.
Phosphorodiamidate-based, DNA-crosslinking, bis-alkylator mustards have long been used successfully in cancer chemotherapy and include e.g. the prodrugs ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide. To demonstrate that known drugs of proven efficacy could serve as the basis of efficacious hypoxia-activated prodrugs, the 2-nitroimidizole HAP of the active ...
This multi-page article lists pharmaceutical drugs alphabetically by name. Many drugs have more than one name and, therefore, the same drug may be listed more than once. Brand names and generic names are differentiated by capitalizing brand names. See also the list of the top 100 bestselling branded drugs, ranked by sales.