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In the process industry, a standard set of symbols is used to prepare drawings of processes. The instrument symbols used in these drawings are generally based on International Society of Automation (ISA) Standard S5.1; The primary schematic drawing used for laying out a process control installation. They usually contain the following information:
An operational plan is the basis for, and justification of, an annual operating budget needed to achieve an overall strategic plan. [citation needed] An operational plan draws from an organization's strategic plans to describe program missions and goals, program objectives, and program activities. While an operational plan may differ depending ...
Computer-aided process planning initially evolved as a means to electronically store a process plan once it was created, retrieve it, modify it for a new part and print the plan. Other capabilities were table-driven cost and standard estimating systems, for sales representatives to create customer quotations and estimate delivery time.
Control is checking current performance against pre-determined standards contained in the plans, with a view to ensuring adequate progress and satisfactory performance. According to Harold Koontz : Controlling is the measurement and correction of performance to make sure that enterprise objectives and the plans devised to attain them are ...
A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. The PFD displays the relationship between major equipment of a plant facility and does not show minor details such as piping details and designations.
The ISO 128 replaced the previous DIN 6 standard for drawings, projections and views, which was first published in 1922 and updated in 1950 and 1968. ISO 128 itself was first published in 1982, contained 15 pages and "specified the general principles of presentation to be applied to technical drawings following the orthographic projection methods".
A drawing the intended locations of plant items and service routes in such detail as to indicate the design intent. The main features of detailed design drawings should be as follows: Plan layouts to a scale of at least 1:100. Plant areas to a scale of at least 1:50 and accompanied by cross-sections.
An engineering drawing is a type of technical drawing that is used to convey information about an object. A common use is to specify the geometry necessary for the construction of a component and is called a detail drawing.