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Electric charge is a conserved property: the net charge of an isolated system, the quantity of positive charge minus the amount of negative charge, cannot change. Electric charge is carried by subatomic particles. In ordinary matter, negative charge is carried by electrons, and positive charge is carried by the protons in the nuclei of atoms ...
An ideal capacitor is characterized by a constant capacitance C, in farads in the SI system of units, defined as the ratio of the positive or negative charge Q on each conductor to the voltage V between them: [23] = A capacitance of one farad (F) means that one coulomb of charge on each conductor causes a voltage of one volt across the device. [25]
Consider a capacitor of capacitance C, holding a charge +q on one plate and −q on the other. Moving a small element of charge d q from one plate to the other against the potential difference V = q / C requires the work d W : d W = q C d q , {\displaystyle \mathrm {d} W={\frac {q}{C}}\,\mathrm {d} q,} where W is the work measured in joules, q ...
The net quantity of electric charge, the amount of positive charge minus the amount of negative charge in the universe, is always conserved. Charge conservation, considered as a physical conservation law , implies that the change in the amount of electric charge in any volume of space is exactly equal to the amount of charge flowing into the ...
In semiconductor physics, the depletion region, also called depletion layer, depletion zone, junction region, space charge region, or space charge layer, is an insulating region within a conductive, doped semiconductor material where the mobile charge carriers have diffused away, or been forced away by an electric field. The only elements left ...
Linear charge density (λ) is the quantity of charge per unit length, measured in coulombs per meter (C⋅m −1), at any point on a line charge distribution. Charge density can be either positive or negative, since electric charge can be either positive or negative. Like mass density, charge density can vary with
When a surface is immersed in a solution containing electrolytes, it develops a net surface charge.This is often because of ionic adsorption. Aqueous solutions universally contain positive and negative ions (cations and anions, respectively), which interact with partial charges on the surface, adsorbing to and thus ionizing the surface and creating a net surface charge. [9]
In a traditional metal-insulator-metal capacitor, the galvani potential is the only relevant contribution. Therefore, the capacitance can be calculated in a straightforward way using Gauss's law. However, if one or both of the capacitor plates is a semiconductor, then galvani potential is not necessarily the only important contribution to ...