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The two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt were united c. 3000 BC, but each maintained its own regalia: the hedjet or White Crown for Upper Egypt and the deshret or Red Crown for Lower Egypt. Thus, the pharaohs were known as the rulers of the Two Lands, and wore the pschent , a double crown, each half representing sovereignty of one of the kingdoms.
The pschent (/pskʰént/; Greek ψχέντ) was the double crown worn by rulers in ancient Egypt. The ancient Egyptians generally referred to it as Pa-sekhemty (pꜣ-sḫm.ty), the Two Powerful Ones, from which the Greek term is derived. [1] It combined the White Hedjet Crown of Upper Egypt and the Red Deshret Crown of Lower Egypt.
The Crown of Lower Egypt, also known as Deshret, is a red bowl shaped Crown with a protruding curlicue. It is typically associated with the rulers and Pharaohs of Lower Egypt. The word Deshret is also the name for the arid land surrounding the Nile River area. [10]
The three royal crowns were the most sober. The white crown was shaped like an elongated mitre, ending in a bulb. [5] The red crown resembled a mortarboard, with the rear part rising to the top and a stem ending in a spiral; the khabet. [6] From the First Dynasty onwards, these two crowns came to represent the royalty of Upper and Lower Egypt ...
The Red Crown is also used as a determinative, most notably in the word for deshret. It is also used in other words or names of gods. Use in the Rosetta Stone Rosetta Stone usage of Red Crown, not as preposition: part of Pschent (Double Crown), and part of "Taui", the name for Upper and Lower Egypt (used combined with a Crossroads (hieroglyph))
In this and other examples from the same era, the word is written with a determinative that represents the cap crown, a lower and less elaborate type of crown. The earliest known depiction of the khepresh is on the stela Cairo CG 20517 which dates to the reign of Snaaib , during the Second Intermediate Period .
This type of crown signifies the reign over Lower Egypt; the combination of the sun disks and the falcon shows the power over Lower Egypt along with Upper Egypt. The hemhem crowns occur more frequently from the time of Ptolemy VI onwards. The symbols on the crown, such as reeds and uraeuses signify a later time period. The more intricate the ...
Den was the first to use the title "King of Upper and Lower Egypt" and the first depicted as wearing the double crown (red and white). Notably, the floor of his tomb at Umm El Qa'ab , near Abydos , was constructed using red and black granite , making it the earliest known use of this hard stone as a building material in Egypt with a flight of ...
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