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The chain-linked model or Kline model of innovation was introduced by mechanical engineer Stephen J. Kline in 1985, [1] and further described by Kline and economist Nathan Rosenberg in 1986. [2] The chain-linked model is an attempt to describe complexities in the innovation process. The model is regarded as Kline's most significant contribution ...
Technological change (TC) or technological development is the overall process of invention, innovation and diffusion of technology or processes. [1] [2] In essence, technological change covers the invention of technologies (including processes) and their commercialization or release as open source via research and development (producing emerging technologies), the continual improvement of ...
A distinction is drawn between a discovery and an invention, as discussed for example by Bolesław Prus. [7] However, discoveries and inventions are inextricably related, in that discoveries lead to inventions, and inventions facilitate discoveries; and since the same phenomenon of multiplicity occurs in relation to both discoveries and ...
Innovation is related to, but not the same as, invention: [4] innovation is more apt to involve the practical implementation of an invention (i.e. new / improved ability) to make a meaningful impact in a market or society, [5] and not all innovations require a new invention. [6] Technical innovation often manifests itself via the engineering ...
Original model of three phases of the process of technological change: Invention is followed by Innovation, which is followed by Diffusion. The Linear Model of Innovation was an early model designed to understand the relationship of science and technology that begins with basic research that flows into applied research, development and diffusion [1]
Heron (c. 10–70), Roman Egypt – usually credited with invention of the aeolipile, although it may have been described a century earlier; John Herschel (1792–1871), UK – photographic fixer (hypo), actinometer; Harry Houdini (1874–1926) U.S. – flight time illusion; Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894), Germany – radio telegraphy ...
Wheel of Fortune‘s Teachers’ Week has turned into an unexpected English lesson. During the game show’s annual celebration of educators, several eagle-eyed viewers (as first noted by TV ...
After a recession at the end of the 1830s and a general slowdown in major inventions, the Second Industrial Revolution was a period of rapid innovation and industrialization that began in the 1860s or around 1870 and lasted until World War I. It included rapid development of chemical, electrical, petroleum, and steel technologies connected with ...