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  2. Energy flow (ecology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_flow_(ecology)

    Energy flow is the flow of energy through living things within an ecosystem. [1] All living organisms can be organized into producers and consumers, and those producers and consumers can further be organized into a food chain. [2][3] Each of the levels within the food chain is a trophic level. [1] In order to more efficiently show the quantity ...

  3. Ecological pyramid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_pyramid

    An ecological pyramid (also trophic pyramid, Eltonian pyramid, energy pyramid, or sometimes food pyramid) is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bioproductivity at each trophic level in an ecosystem. A pyramid of energy shows how much energy is retained in the form of new biomass from each trophic level, while a pyramid ...

  4. Liebig's law of the minimum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liebig's_law_of_the_minimum

    Liebig's law has been extended to biological populations (and is commonly used in ecosystem modelling). For example, the growth of an organism such as a plant may be dependent on a number of different factors, such as sunlight or mineral nutrients (e.g., nitrate or phosphate). The availability of these may vary, such that at any given time one ...

  5. Raymond Lindeman - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Lindeman

    Limnology, paleolimnology, trophic ecology. Institutions. Yale University. Doctoral advisor. Samuel Eddy. Raymond Laurel Lindeman (July 24, 1915 – June 29, 1942) [1][2] was an ecologist whose graduate research is credited with being a seminal study in the field of ecosystem ecology, specifically on the topic of trophic dynamics.

  6. Biological rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_rules

    Biological rules. The pygmy mammoth is an example of insular dwarfism, a case of Foster's rule, its unusually small body size an adaptation to the limited resources of its island home. A biological rule or biological law is a generalized law, principle, or rule of thumb formulated to describe patterns observed in living organisms.

  7. Biodiversity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity

    The relationship between law and ecosystems is very ancient and has consequences for biodiversity. It is related to private and public property rights. It can define protection for threatened ecosystems, but also some rights and duties (for example, fishing and hunting rights). [citation needed] Law regarding species is more recent.

  8. Carrying capacity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrying_capacity

    The carrying capacity of an environment is the maximum population size of a biological species that can be sustained by that specific environment, given the food, habitat, water, and other resources available. The carrying capacity is defined as the environment 's maximal load, [clarification needed] which in population ecology corresponds to ...

  9. Hypoxia (environmental) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxia_(environmental)

    A system with low concentration—in the range between 1 and 30% saturation—is called hypoxic or dysoxic. Most fish cannot live below 30% saturation since they rely on oxygen to derive energy from their nutrients. Hypoxia leads to impaired reproduction of remaining fish via endocrine disruption. [6]