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  2. Covalent bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bond

    A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs. The stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share electrons, is known as covalent bonding. [1] For many molecules, the sharing of ...

  3. Pyrite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrite

    This reflects the fact that the covalent bond in the sulfur pair is inadequately accounted for by a strictly ionic treatment. [41] Arsenopyrite has a related structure with heteroatomic As–S pairs rather than S-S pairs. Marcasite also possesses homoatomic anion pairs, but the arrangement of the metal and diatomic anions differ from that of ...

  4. Molecule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecule

    A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are termed shared pairs or bonding pairs, and the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share electrons, is termed covalent bonding. [22]

  5. Chemical bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bond

    A chemical bond is the association of atoms or ions to form molecules, crystals, and other structures. The bond may result from the electrostatic force between oppositely charged ions as in ionic bonds or through the sharing of electrons as in covalent bonds, or some combination of these effects.

  6. Chalcogen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcogen

    For covalent bonding a chalcogen may accept two electrons according to the octet rule, leaving two lone pairs. When an atom forms two single bonds, they form an angle between 90° and 120°. In 1+ cations, such as H 3 O +, a chalcogen forms three molecular orbitals arranged in a trigonal pyramidal fashion and one lone pair. Double bonds are ...

  7. Network covalent bonding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_covalent_bonding

    Network covalent bonding. A network solid or covalent network solid (also called atomic crystalline solids or giant covalent structures) [1][2] is a chemical compound (or element) in which the atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a continuous network extending throughout the material. In a network solid there are no individual molecules, and ...

  8. Thorium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium

    Thorium is a chemical element. It has the symbol Th and atomic number 90. Thorium is a weakly radioactive light silver metal which tarnishes olive gray when it is exposed to air, forming thorium dioxide; it is moderately soft and malleable and has a high melting point. Thorium is an electropositive actinide whose chemistry is dominated by the ...

  9. Electronegativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity

    Pauling first proposed [3] the concept of electronegativity in 1932 to explain why the covalent bond between two different atoms (A–B) is stronger than the average of the A–A and the B–B bonds. According to valence bond theory , of which Pauling was a notable proponent, this "additional stabilization" of the heteronuclear bond is due to ...