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It is the sequence of these four nucleobases along the backbone that encodes genetic information. RNA strands are created using DNA strands as a template in a process called transcription, where DNA bases are exchanged for their corresponding bases except in the case of thymine (T), for which RNA substitutes uracil (U). [4]
A codon tablecan be used to translate a genetic codeinto a sequence of amino acids. [1][2]The standard genetic code is traditionally represented as an RNAcodon table, because when proteinsare made in a cellby ribosomes, it is messenger RNA(mRNA) that directs protein synthesis. [2][3]The mRNA sequence is determined by the sequence of genomic DNA.[4]
SAM (file format) Sequence Alignment Map (SAM) is a text-based format originally for storing biological sequences aligned to a reference sequence developed by Heng Li and Bob Handsaker et al. [1] It was developed when the 1000 Genomes Project wanted to move away from the MAQ mapper format and decided to design a new format.
The offset is the index of the first term given. For some sequences, the offset is obvious. For example, if we list the sequence of square numbers as 0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25 ..., the offset is 0; while if we list it as 1, 4, 9, 16, 25 ..., the offset is 1. The default offset is 0, and most sequences in the OEIS have offset of either 0 or 1.
Microfluidic Sanger sequencing is a lab-on-a-chip application for DNA sequencing, in which the Sanger sequencing steps (thermal cycling, sample purification, and capillary electrophoresis) are integrated on a wafer-scale chip using nanoliter-scale sample volumes.
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is the process of determining the entirety, or nearly the entirety, of the DNA sequence of an organism's genome at a single time. [ 2 ] This entails sequencing all of an organism's chromosomal DNA as well as DNA contained in the mitochondria and, for plants, in the chloroplast.
The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] During gene expression (the synthesis of RNA or protein from a gene), DNA is first copied into RNA.
The TATA box consensus sequence is TATAWAW, where W is either A or T. In molecular biology, the TATA box (also called the Goldberg–Hogness box) [1] is a sequence of DNA found in the core promoter region of genes in archaea and eukaryotes. [2] The bacterial homolog of the TATA box is called the Pribnow box which has a shorter consensus sequence.