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  2. Zero-based numbering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-based_numbering

    Zero-based numbering is a way of numbering in which the initial element of a sequence is assigned the index 0, rather than the index 1 as is typical in everyday non-mathematical or non-programming circumstances. Under zero-based numbering, the initial element is sometimes termed the zeroth element, [ 1 ] rather than the first element; zeroth is ...

  3. Array (data structure) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Array_(data_structure)

    In computer science, an array is a data structure consisting of a collection of elements (values or variables), of same memory size, each identified by at least one array index or key. An array is stored such that the position of each element can be computed from its index tuple by a mathematical formula. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] The simplest type of ...

  4. Hash table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_table

    Space. Θ (n) [ 1 ] O (n) A small phone book as a hash table. In computing, a hash table is a data structure that implements an associative array, also called a dictionary or simply map; an associative array is an abstract data type that maps keys to values. [ 2 ] A hash table uses a hash function to compute an index, also called a hash code ...

  5. Associative array - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_array

    In an associative array, the association between a key and a value is often known as a "mapping"; the same word may also be used to refer to the process of creating a new association. The operations that are usually defined for an associative array are: [ 3 ][ 4 ][ 8 ] Insert or put. add a new pair to the collection, mapping the key to its new ...

  6. Array (data type) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Array_(data_type)

    In computer science, array is a data type that represents a collection of elements (values or variables), each selected by one or more indices (identifying keys) that can be computed at run time during program execution. Such a collection is usually called an array variable or array value. [ 1 ] By analogy with the mathematical concepts vector ...

  7. Stack (abstract data type) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_(abstract_data_type)

    The first element, usually at the zero offset, is the bottom, resulting in array[0] being the first element pushed onto the stack and the last element popped off. The program must keep track of the size (length) of the stack, using a variable top that records the number of items pushed so far, therefore pointing to the place in the array where ...

  8. Bounds checking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounds_checking

    Bounds checking. In computer programming, bounds checking is any method of detecting whether a variable is within some bounds before it is used. It is usually used to ensure that a number fits into a given type (range checking), or that a variable being used as an array index is within the bounds of the array (index checking).

  9. ECMAScript version history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript_version_history

    Array.sort is now guaranteed to be stable, meaning that elements with equal sorting keys will not change relative order before and after the sort operation. Array.prototype.flat(depth=1) flattens an array to a specified depth, meaning that all subarray elements (up to the specified depth) are concatenated recursively.