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  2. Cochrane–Orcutt estimation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochrane–Orcutt_estimation

    The transformation suggested by Cochrane and Orcutt disregards the first observation of a time series, causing a loss of efficiency that can be substantial in small samples. [3] A superior transformation, which retains the first observation with a weight of ( 1 − ρ 2 ) {\displaystyle {\sqrt {(1-\rho ^{2})}}} was first suggested by Prais and ...

  3. Serial number arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Number_Arithmetic

    For example, a communication protocol must know whether some packet comes "before" or "after" some other packet. The IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) RFC 1982 attempts to define "serial number arithmetic" for the purposes of manipulating and comparing these sequence numbers. In short, when the absolute serial number value decreases by ...

  4. Serial number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_number

    The term serial number is sometimes used for codes which do not identify a single instance of something. For example, the International Standard Serial Number or ISSN used on magazines, journals and other periodicals, an equivalent to the International Standard Book Number (ISBN) applied to books, is assigned to each periodical.

  5. First-difference estimator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-Difference_Estimator

    This is because the FD estimator induces no serial correlation when differencing the errors. If u i t {\displaystyle u_{it}} follows a random walk , however, the FD estimator is more efficient as Δ u i t {\displaystyle \Delta u_{it}} are serially uncorrelated.

  6. Vehicle identification number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_identification_number

    VIN on a Chinese moped VIN on a 1996 Porsche 993 GT2 VIN visible in the windshield VIN recorded on a Chinese vehicle licence. A vehicle identification number (VIN; also called a chassis number or frame number) is a unique code, including a serial number, used by the automotive industry to identify individual motor vehicles, towed vehicles, motorcycles, scooters and mopeds, as defined by the ...

  7. Spreadsheet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreadsheet

    Formulas in the B column multiply values from the A column using relative references, and the formula in B4 uses the SUM() function to find the sum of values in the B1:B3 range. A formula identifies the calculation needed to place the result in the cell it is contained within. A cell containing a formula, therefore, has two display components ...

  8. Newey–West estimator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newey–West_estimator

    where T is the sample size, is the residual and is the row of the design matrix, and is the Bartlett kernel [8] and can be thought of as a weight that decreases with increasing separation between samples. Disturbances that are farther apart from each other are given lower weight, while those with equal subscripts are given a weight of 1.

  9. German tank problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_tank_problem

    The adversary is presumed to have manufactured a series of tanks marked with consecutive whole numbers, beginning with serial number 1. Additionally, regardless of a tank's date of manufacture, history of service, or the serial number it bears, the distribution over serial numbers becoming revealed to analysis is uniform, up to the point in time when the analysis is conducted.