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A skull fracture is a break in one or more of the eight bones that form the cranial portion of the skull, usually occurring as a result of blunt force trauma.If the force of the impact is excessive, the bone may fracture at or near the site of the impact and cause damage to the underlying structures within the skull such as the membranes, blood vessels, and brain.
In case of head injury, a dural tear is likely in case of a depressed skull fracture. A burr hole is made through the normal skull near the fractured portion, and Adson's elevator is introduced. Underlying dura is separated carefully from the overlying depressed bone fragments.
has a visible open skull fracture. [4] Under the CCTHR, patients with minor head injuries should only receive CT scans if one or more of the following criteria are met: [4] Glasgow Coma Scale score lower than 15 at 2 hours after injury; Suspected open or depressed skull fracture; Any sign of basal skull fracture; Two or more episodes of vomiting
Closed-head injury is a type of traumatic brain injury in which the skull and dura mater remain intact. Closed-head injuries are the leading cause of death in children under 4 years old and the most common cause of physical disability and cognitive impairment in young people.
The skull can be fractured, but not necessarily. A penetrating head injury occurs when an object pierces the skull and breaches the dura mater. Brain injuries may be diffuse, occurring over a wide area, or focal, located in a small, specific area. A head injury may cause skull fracture, which may or may not be associated with injury to the ...
Skull x-ray or CT scanning is used if neurological symptoms appear. These measurements are also used if concomitant depressed skull fracture is a possibility. Usual management is mainly observation. Phototherapy may be necessary if blood accumulation is significant leading to jaundice. Rarely, anaemia can develop needing blood transfusion.
Fractures with displacement require surgery consisting of fracture reduction with miniplates, microplates and screws. Gillie's approach is used for depressed zygomatic fractures. [5] The prognosis of tripod fractures is generally good. In some cases there may be persistent post-surgical facial asymmetry, which can require further treatment. [6]
The Le Fort III fracture (transverse fracture) occurs at the level of the skull base, resulting in complete craniofacial separation of the midface from the base of the skull. [2] [3] The fracture line extends through the zygomatic arch, the pterygoid plates, the lateral and medial orbital walls, the nasal bones, and the nasal septum.