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14 February, the Rump Parliament creates the English Council of State; February, Charles II proclaimed king of Great Britain, France and Ireland by Hugh, Viscount Montgomery and other Irish Royalists at Newtownards in Ulster. [3] [4] 9 March, Engager Duke of Hamilton, Royalist Earl of Holland, and Royalist Lord Capel were beheaded at Westminster
The Civil War was a class war, in which the despotism of Charles I was defended by the reactionary forces of the established Church and conservative landlords, Parliament beat the King because it could appeal to the enthusiastic support of the trading and industrial classes in town and countryside, to the yeomen and progressive gentry, and to ...
Charles retaliates by appointing individuals to take control of other regional militias in the King's name. From this moment both sides actively raise troops and gather munitions. 1642–1646: The First English Civil War
After Charles I's execution at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War, the Parliament of Scotland proclaimed Charles II king on 5 February 1649. However, England entered the period known as the English Interregnum or the English Commonwealth with a republican government eventually led by Oliver Cromwell .
The siege of Hull is variously described as commencing from either 10 July or 15 July [31] [37] and a sally made by Meldrum is often attributed as the "first blood" of the First English Civil War. [ 38 ] [ 39 ] According to John Rushworth , Meldrum attacked the King's forces with 500 men.
5 May – King Charles I surrenders his forces to a Scottish army at Southwell, Nottinghamshire. [2] 20 June – Third Siege of Oxford concludes with signing of the surrender of the Royalist garrison at Oxford to General Thomas Fairfax's Parliamentary New Model Army; on the 24th of June the main force marches out, ending the First English Civil ...
20 to 27 January – Trial and conviction of King Charles I by the High Court of Justice convened in Westminster Hall. [3] 30 January King Charles is beheaded outside the Banqueting House, Whitehall. [4] Prince Charles Stuart declares himself King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland. At this time none of the three Kingdoms have ...
The First English Civil War took place in England and Wales from 1642 to 1646, and forms part of the 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms. [ a ] An estimated 15% to 20% of adult males in England and Wales served in the military at some point between 1639 and 1653, while around 4% of the total population died from war-related causes.