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Global change in a societal context encompasses social, cultural, technological, political, economic and legal change. Terms closely related to global change and society are globalization and global integration. Globalization began with long-distance trade and urbanism. The first record of long distance trading routes is in the third millennium BC.
Climate change can also be used more broadly to include changes to the climate that have happened throughout Earth's history. [32] Global warming—used as early as 1975 [33] —became the more popular term after NASA climate scientist James Hansen used it in his 1988 testimony in the U.S. Senate. [34] Since the 2000s, climate change has ...
Cumulative land-use change contributions to CO 2 emissions, by region. [32]: Figure SPM.2b Local vegetation cover impacts how much of the sunlight gets reflected back into space , and how much heat is lost by evaporation. For instance, the change from a dark forest to grassland makes the surface lighter, causing it to reflect more sunlight.
A 2019 review of scientific papers found the consensus on the cause of climate change to be at 100%, [6] and a 2021 study concluded that over 99% of scientific papers agree on the human cause of climate change. [7] The small percentage of papers that disagreed with the consensus often contained errors or could not be replicated. [8] The ...
Some climate change effects: wildfire caused by heat and dryness, bleached coral caused by ocean acidification and heating, environmental migration caused by desertification, and coastal flooding caused by storms and sea level rise. Effects of climate change are well documented and growing for Earth's natural environment and human societies. Changes to the climate system include an overall ...
Climate change is altering the geographic range and seasonality of some insects that can carry diseases, for example Aedes aegypti, the mosquito that is the vector for dengue transmission. Global climate change has increased the occurrence of some infectious diseases. Infectious diseases whose transmission is impacted by climate change include, for example, vector-borne diseases like dengue ...
In addition to global climate variability and global climate change over time, numerous climatic variations occur contemporaneously across different physical regions. The oceans' absorption of about 90% of excess heat has helped to cause land surface temperatures to grow more rapidly than sea surface temperatures. [ 132 ]
23% of tree cover losses result from wildfires and climate change increase their frequency and power. [20] The rising temperatures cause massive wildfires especially in the Boreal forests. One possible effect is the change of the forest composition. [21] Deforestation can also cause forests to become more fire prone through mechanisms such as ...