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MapReduce is a programming model and an associated implementation for processing and generating big data sets with a parallel and distributed algorithm on a cluster. [1] [2] [3]A MapReduce program is composed of a map procedure, which performs filtering and sorting (such as sorting students by first name into queues, one queue for each name), and a reduce method, which performs a summary ...
Behaviorism examines relationships between the environment and the individual with roots in early 20th century work in the German experimental school. [11] Theories by researchers such as Ivan Pavlov (who introduced classical conditioning), and B.F. Skinner (operant conditioning) looked at how environmental stimulation could impact learning, theorists building on these concepts to make ...
The Oxford Companion to Music describes three interrelated uses of the term "music theory": The first is the "rudiments", that are needed to understand music notation (key signatures, time signatures, and rhythmic notation); the second is learning scholars' views on music from antiquity to the present; the third is a sub-topic of musicology ...
Musical literacy is the reading, writing, and playing of music, as well an understanding of cultural practice and historical and social contexts.. Music literacy and music education are frequently talked about relationally and causatively, however, they are not interchangeable terms, as complete musical literacy also concerns an understanding of the diverse practices involved in teaching music ...
A large language model (LLM) is a type of machine learning model designed for natural language processing tasks such as language generation. As language models , LLMs acquire these abilities by learning statistical relationships from vast amounts of text during a self-supervised and semi-supervised training process.
Gordon music-learning theory is a model for music education based on Edwin Gordon's research on musical aptitude and achievement in the greater field of music learning theory. [1] [2] The theory is an explanation of music learning, based on audiation (see below) and students' individual musical differences. The theory takes into account the ...
Language learning involves formal instruction and, according to Krashen, is less effective than acquisition. [6] Learning in this sense is conception or conceptualisation: instead of learning a language itself, students learn an abstract, conceptual model of a language, a "theory" about a language (a grammar).
Connectionism attempts to model the cognitive language processing of the human brain, using computer architectures that make associations between elements of language, based on frequency of co-occurrence in the language input. [26] Frequency has been found to be a factor in various linguistic domains of language learning. [27]