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A definition of hypnosis, derived from academic psychology, was provided in 2005, when the Society for Psychological Hypnosis, Division 30 of the American Psychological Association (APA), published the following formal definition: Hypnosis typically involves an introduction to the procedure during which the subject is told that suggestions for ...
A 2019 meta-analysis of hypnosis as a treatment for anxiety found that "the average participant receiving hypnosis reduced anxiety more than about 79% of control participants," also noting that "hypnosis was more effective in reducing anxiety when combined with other psychological interventions than when used as a stand-alone treatment." [51]
The use of hypnosis in the treatment of neuroses flourished in World War I, World War II and the Korean War. Hypnosis techniques were merged with psychiatry and was especially useful in the treatment of what is known today as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. [citation needed]
Hypnotic susceptibility scales, which mainly developed in experimental settings, were preceded by more primitive scales, developed within clinical practice, which were intended to infer the "depth" or "level" of "hypnotic trance" on the basis of various subjective, behavioural or physiological changes.
Hypnoanalysis is derived from the prefix hypno, which the French Étienne Félix d'Henin de Cuvillers first used to describe the hypnotic state. [3] The term hypnoanalysis was coined by James Arthur Hadfield, who claimed that he invented the term to describe the use of hypnosis to retrieve memories, particularly among patients who have amnesia. [4]
James Braid in the nineteenth century saw fixing the eyes on a bright object as the key to hypnotic induction. [3]A century later, Sigmund Freud saw fixing the eyes, or listening to a monotonous sound as indirect methods of induction, as opposed to “the direct methods of influence by way of staring or stroking” [4] —all leading however to the same result, the subject's unconscious ...
Hypnos (left) and Thanatos (right) carry the body of Sarpedon while Hermes watches, Euphronios Krater, an Attic red-figure calyx-krater, c. 515–510 BC [1]. In Greek mythology, Hypnos (/ ˈ h ɪ p n ɒ s /; Ancient Greek: Ὕπνος, 'sleep'), [2] also spelled Hypnus, is the personification of sleep.
At first perceived as an iconoclast or "hypnosis opponent," [3] his research and views came to be taken more seriously by the psychological community. Those who embraced traditional views of hypnosis as an altered state of consciousness were displeased by Barber's habit of placing quotation marks around the term hypnosis to reflect his concerns.