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Depth perception arises from a variety of depth cues. These are typically classified into binocular cues and monocular cues. Binocular cues are based on the receipt of sensory information in three dimensions from both eyes and monocular cues can be observed with just one eye.
How the brain combines different cues, including stereo cues, motion cues (both temporal changes in disparity and monocular velocity ratios [8]), vergence angle and monocular cues for sensing motion in depth and 3D object position is an area of active research in vision science and neighboring disciplines. [9] [10] [11]
Monocular vision is known as seeing and using only one eye in the human species. Depth perception in monocular vision is reduced compared to binocular vision, but still is active primarily due to accommodation of the eye and motion parallax. The word monocular comes from the Greek root, mono for single, and the Latin root, oculus for eye.
The visual system performs a number of complex tasks based on the image forming functionality of the eye, including the formation of monocular images, the neural mechanisms underlying stereopsis and assessment of distances to (depth perception) and between objects, motion perception, pattern recognition, accurate motor coordination under visual ...
Stereoscopy creates the impression of three-dimensional depth from a pair of two-dimensional images. [5] Human vision, including the perception of depth, is a complex process, which only begins with the acquisition of visual information taken in through the eyes; much processing ensues within the brain, as it strives to make sense of the raw information.
There are indications that the brain uses various cues, in particular temporal changes in disparity as well as monocular velocity ratios, for producing a sensation of motion in depth. [15] Two different binocular cues of the perception motion in depth are hypothesized: Inter-ocular velocity difference (IOVD) and changing disparity (CD) over time.
An example of monocular portrait images of human faces that have been converted to create a moving 3D photo using depth estimation via Machine Learning using TensorFlow.js [3] in the browser. With advances in machine learning and computer vision, [3] it is now also possible to recreate this effect using a single monocular image as an input. [4]
Certain cues help establish depth perception. Binocular cues are made by humans' two eyes, which are subconsciously compared to calculate distance. [16] This idea of two separate images is used by 3-D and VR filmmakers to give two dimensional footage the element of depth. Monocular cues can be