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The azygos system of veins is considered to be the azygos vein, along with its left-sided counterparts, the hemiazygos vein and the accessory hemiazygos vein. It also creates a cavo-caval anastomosis by offering an alternative, collateral blood flow from the lower half of the body to the superior vena cava, bypassing the inferior vena cava.
The hemiazygos vein and the accessory hemiazygos vein, when taken together, essentially serve as the left-sided equivalent of the azygos vein. [2] That is, the azygos vein serves to drain most of the posterior intercostal veins on the right side of the body, and the hemiazygos vein and the accessory hemiazygos vein drain most of the posterior intercostal veins on the left side of the body. [2]
The accessory hemiazygos vein varies inversely in size with the left superior intercostal vein.. It usually receives the posterior intercostal veins from the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th intercostal spaces between the left superior intercostal vein and highest tributary of the hemiazygos vein; [3] the left bronchial vein sometimes opens into it.
The right side drains into the azygos vein, while the left side drains into the left superior intercostal vein or the accessory hemiazygos vein. Bronchial veins are thereby part of the bronchial circulation, carrying waste products away from the cells that constitute the lungs. The bronchial veins are counterparts to the bronchial arteries.
the azygos vein (in the case of the right ascending lumbar vein). [1] [2] the hemiazygos vein (in the case of the left ascending lumbar vein). [1] The first and second lumbar veins ends in the ascending lumbar vein(the third and fourth lumbar veins open into the posterior aspect of the inferior vena cava)
The remaining posterior intercostal veins drain into the azygos vein on the right, or the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos vein on the left.
The esophageal veins drain blood from the esophagus to the azygos vein, in the thorax, and to the inferior thyroid vein in the neck. It also drains, although with less significance, to the hemiazygos vein, posterior intercostal vein and bronchial veins. [citation needed] In the abdomen, some drain to the left gastric vein which drains into the ...
Azygos vein. Posterior intercostal veins. Intervertebral vein; Veins of vertebral column Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus. Basivertebral veins; Anterior spinal veins; Posterior spinal veins; Veins of upper limb Subclavian vein; Axillary vein. Subscapular vein; Circumflex scapular vein. Thoracodorsal vein; Posterior circumflex humeral vein