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Rebar is added for strength, to make a wall that is approximately half reinforced concrete and half stonework. The wall can be faced with stone on one side or both sides. After the concrete sets enough to hold the wall together, the forms are "slipped" up to pour the next level. With slipforms it is easy for a novice to build free-standing ...
Grade beam. A grade beam or grade beam footing is a component of a building's foundation. It consists of a reinforced concrete beam that transmits the load from a bearing wall into spaced foundations such as pile caps or caissons. [1] It is used in conditions where the surface soil's load-bearing capacity is less than the anticipated design loads.
Jersey barriers on the road. A Jersey barrier, Jersey wall, or Jersey bump is a modular concrete or plastic barrier employed to separate lanes of traffic.It is designed to minimize vehicle damage in cases of incidental contact while still preventing vehicle crossovers resulting in a likely head-on collision.
Unlike an I-beam, a T-beam lacks a bottom flange, which carries savings in terms of materials, but at the loss of resistance to tensile forces. [5] T- beam designs come in many sizes, lengths and widths to suit where they are to be used (eg highway bridge, underground parking garage) and how they have to resist the tension, compression and shear stresses associated with beam bending in their ...
A balanced-reinforced beam is one in which both the compressive and tensile zones reach yielding at the same imposed load on the beam, and the concrete will crush and the tensile steel will yield at the same time. This design criterion is however as risky as over-reinforced concrete, because failure is sudden as the concrete crushes at the same ...
The beam and base method of underpinning is a more technically advanced adaptation of traditional mass concrete underpinning. A reinforced concrete beam is constructed below, above or in replacement of the existing footing. The beam then transfers the load of the building to mass concrete bases, which are constructed at designed strategic ...
Traditional bond beams in the stone walls of an old house in the Çaykara village of Trabzon province, Turkey. A bond beam is a horizontal structural element, usually found as an embedded part of a masonry wall assembly. The bond beam serves to impart horizontal strength to a wall where it may not otherwise be braced by floor or roof structure.
EN 1994-1-2 deals with the design of composite steel and concrete structures for the accidental situation of fire exposure and is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1994-1-1 and EN 1991-1-2. This part only identifies differences from, or supplements to, normal temperature design and deals only with passive methods of fire protection.
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