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Caddisfly (order Trichoptera), a macroinvertebrate used as an indicator of water quality. [1] A bioindicator is any species (an indicator species) or group of species whose function, population, or status can reveal the qualitative status of the environment. The most common indicator species are animals. [2]
Numerous biotic indices have been created to account for the indicator species found in each region of study. The concept of the biotic index was developed by Cherie Stephens in an effort to provide a simple measurement of stream pollution and its effects on the biology of the stream. [citation needed]
Over 1500 species of fungi are known from marine environments. [109] These are parasitic on marine algae or animals, or are saprobes feeding on dead organic matter from algae, corals, protozoan cysts, sea grasses, and other substrata. [110] Spores of many species have special appendages which facilitate attachment to the substratum. [111]
For example, Candidatus Kentron (a clade of Gammaproteobacteria found in association with ciliates) nourish their ciliate hosts in the genus Kentrophoros and recycle acetate and propionate, which are low-value cellular waste products from their hosts, into biomass. [27] Another example is the anaerobic marine ciliate Strombidium purpureum. [28]
Indicator bacteria themselves may not be pathogenic but their presence in waste may indicate the presence of other pathogens. [1] Similar to how there are various types of indicator organisms, there are also various types of indicator bacteria. The most common indicators are total coliforms, fecal coliforms, E. coli, and enterococci. [2]
Ornithocercus is a genus of planktonic dinoflagellate that is known for its complex morphology that features considerable lists growing from its thecal plates, giving an attractive appearance. [2] Discovered in 1883, this genus has a small number of species currently categorized but is widespread in tropical and sub-tropical oceans. [3]
The hollow-front shrimp was one of two new species described in the study, and specimens of a known species were also collected. More than 30 species of shrimp in the Aoridae family have now been ...
Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area. Marine coastal ecosystems include many very different types of marine habitats, each with their own characteristics and species composition. They are ...