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The legal system in the United Arab Emirates is based on civil law, and Sharia law in the personal status matters of Muslims and blood money compensation. [1] Personal status matters of non-Muslims are based on civil law. [2] The UAE constitution established a federal court system and allows all emirates to establish local courts systems. [3]
In United Arab Emirates, Sharia in criminal law is only applicable in determining diyah amounts. [25] Some Nigerian states have also enacted Islamic criminal laws. Laws in the Indonesian province of Aceh provide for application of discretionary ( ta'zir ) punishments for violation of Islamic norms, but explicitly exclude hudud and qisas . [ 26 ]
The 2022 population of the UAE stands at 9.4 million, [3] Only approximately 20% of residents are UAE citizens. [4] According to the CIA World Fact Book, 76% of the residents are Muslim, 9% are Christian, other (primarily Hindu and Buddhist, less than 5% of the population consists of Parsi, Baha'i, Druze, Sikh, Ahmadi, Ismaili, Dawoodi Bohra Muslim, and Jewish) 15%. [5]
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Historical sharia(s): This includes the entire body of all principles, rules, cases and interpretations developed and transmitted throughout a history of more than one thousand years across the entire Muslim world, since the closing of the gate of free interpretation up to the present.
The Awqaf operates official toll-free call centers and text messaging service for fatwas. The fatwas in the United Arab Emirates are available in three languages (Arabic, English, and Urdu). Fatwas are given based on the questions asked and includes areas in worship, business, family, women’s issues, and other Islamic legal issues.
There is a small Jewish community in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). One synagogue in Dubai has been open since 2008 and welcomes visitors. [11] As of 2019, according to Rabbi Marc Schneier of the Foundation for Ethnic Understanding, there are about 150 Jewish families (3,000 Jews) living in the UAE who are free to practice their religion. [12]
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