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The general definition of a qubit as the quantum state of a two-level quantum system.In quantum computing, a qubit (/ ˈ k juː b ɪ t /) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information—the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically realized with a two-state device.
The approach of topological qubits, which takes advantage of topological effects in quantum mechanics, has been proposed as needing many fewer or even a single physical qubit per logical qubit. [10]
Vibrational quantum computer (qubits realized by vibrational superpositions in cold molecules) [15] Electrons-on-helium quantum computer (qubit is the electron spin) Cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) (qubit provided by the internal state of trapped atoms coupled to high-finesse cavities) Molecular magnet [16] (qubit given by spin states)
Quantum networks facilitate the transmission of information in the form of quantum bits, also called qubits, between physically separated quantum processors. A quantum processor is a machine able to perform quantum circuits on a certain number of qubits. Quantum networks work in a similar way to classical networks.
This qubit virtualization system was used to create 4 logical qubits with 30 of the 32 qubits on Quantinuum's trapped-ion hardware. The system uses an active syndrome extraction technique to diagnose errors and correct them while calculations are underway without destroying the logical qubits.
They can be realized using flux-tunable qubits with flux-tunable coupling, [19] or using microwave drives in fixed-frequency qubits with fixed coupling. [ 20 ] Non-Clifford swap gates
After IBM's implementation, two independent groups implemented Shor's algorithm using photonic qubits, emphasizing that multi-qubit entanglement was observed when running the Shor's algorithm circuits. [12] [13] In 2012, the factorization of was performed with solid-state qubits. [14]
Time-bin qubits do not suffer from depolarization or polarization mode-dispersion, making them better suited to fiber optics applications than polarization encoding. Photon loss is easily detectable since the absence of photons does not correspond to an allowed state, making it better suited than a photon-number based encoding.