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  2. Transfer RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_RNA

    [10] [11] In prokaryotes, the CCA sequence is transcribed in some tRNA sequences. In most prokaryotic tRNAs and eukaryotic tRNAs, the CCA sequence is added during processing and therefore does not appear in the tRNA gene. [12] The D loop is a 4- to 6-bp stem ending in a loop that often contains dihydrouridine. [6]

  3. Ribosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosome

    Amino acids are selected and carried to the ribosome by transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, which enter the ribosome and bind to the messenger RNA chain via an anticodon stem loop. For each coding triplet ( codon ) in the messenger RNA, there is a unique transfer RNA that must have the exact anti-codon match, and carries the correct amino acid for ...

  4. Bacterial translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_translation

    Initiation of translation in bacteria involves the assembly of the components of the translation system, which are: the two ribosomal subunits (50S and 30S subunits); the mature mRNA to be translated; the tRNA charged with N-formylmethionine (the first amino acid in the nascent peptide); guanosine triphosphate (GTP) as a source of energy, and the three prokaryotic initiation factors IF1, IF2 ...

  5. Untranslated region - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untranslated_region

    The untranslated region is seen in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, although the length and composition may vary. In prokaryotes, the 5' UTR is typically between 3 and 10 nucleotides long. In eukaryotes, the 5' UTR can be hundreds to thousands of nucleotides long.

  6. RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA

    The mRNA is then exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it is bound to ribosomes and translated into its corresponding protein form with the help of tRNA. In prokaryotic cells, which do not have nucleus and cytoplasm compartments, mRNA can bind to ribosomes while it is being transcribed from DNA.

  7. Non-coding DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-coding_DNA

    Pseudogenes are mostly former genes that have become non-functional due to mutation, but the term also refers to inactive DNA sequences that are derived from RNAs produced by functional genes (processed pseudogenes). Pseudogenes are only a small fraction of noncoding DNA in prokaryotic genomes because they are eliminated by negative selection.

  8. Ribosome-binding site - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosome-binding_site

    Prokaryotic ribosomes begin translation of the mRNA transcript while DNA is still being transcribed. Thus translation and transcription are parallel processes. Bacterial mRNA are usually polycistronic and contain multiple ribosome binding sites. Translation initiation is the most highly regulated step of protein synthesis in prokaryotes. [5]

  9. Intron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intron

    Introns are found in the genes of most eukaryotes and many eukaryotic viruses and they can be located in both protein-coding genes and genes that function as RNA (noncoding genes). There are four main types of introns: tRNA introns, group I introns, group II introns, and spliceosomal introns (see below).