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Another non-separable Hilbert space models the state of an infinite collection of particles in an unbounded region of space. An orthonormal basis of the space is indexed by the density of the particles, a continuous parameter, and since the set of possible densities is uncountable, the basis is not countable.
Using this notion, a version of the spectral theorem for unbounded operators on Hilbert space can be formulated. [1] "Rigged Hilbert spaces are well known as the structure which provides a proper mathematical meaning to the Dirac formulation of quantum mechanics." [2]
In contrast to bounded operators, unbounded operators on a given space do not form an algebra, nor even a linear space, because each one is defined on its own domain. The term "operator" often means "bounded linear operator", but in the context of this article it means "unbounded operator", with the reservations made above.
Let and be Hilbert spaces, and let : be an unbounded operator from into . Suppose that is a closed operator and that is densely defined, that is, is dense in . Let : denote the adjoint of .
In mathematics, especially functional analysis, a normal operator on a complex Hilbert space H is a continuous linear operator N : H → H that commutes with its Hermitian adjoint N*, that is: NN* = N*N. [1] Normal operators are important because the spectral theorem holds for them. The class of normal operators is well understood.
The space is a fixed complex Hilbert space of countably infinite dimension. The observables of a quantum system are defined to be the (possibly unbounded ) self-adjoint operators A {\displaystyle A} on H {\displaystyle \mathbb {H} } .
In the case where the Hilbert space is a space of functions on a bounded domain, these distinctions have to do with a familiar issue in quantum physics: One cannot define an operator—such as the momentum or Hamiltonian operator—on a bounded domain without specifying boundary conditions. In mathematical terms, choosing the boundary ...
The space of bounded linear operators B(X) on a Banach space X is an example of a unital Banach algebra. Since the definition of the spectrum does not mention any properties of B(X) except those that any such algebra has, the notion of a spectrum may be generalised to this context by using the same definition verbatim.