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Neuroplasticity is the process by which neurons adapt to a disturbance over time, and most often occurs in response to repeated exposure to stimuli. [27] Aerobic exercise increases the production of neurotrophic factors [note 1] (e.g., BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF) which mediate improvements in cognitive functions and various forms of memory by promoting blood vessel formation in the brain, adult ...
The endurance running hypothesis is a series of conjectures which presume humans evolved anatomical and physiological adaptations to run long distances [1] [2] [3] and, more strongly, that "running is the only known behavior that would account for the different body plans in Homo as opposed to apes or australopithecines". [4]
A marathoner's running economy is their sub maximal requirement for oxygen at specific speeds. This concept of running economy helps explain different marathon times for runners with similar aerobic capacities. [11] The steady state oxygen consumption used to define running economy demonstrates the energy cost of running at sub maximal speeds.
The ultimate secret to longevity? Brain exercises. Here are 5 ways to keep your memory sharp. Skip to main content. 24/7 Help. For premium support please call: 800-290-4726 more ...
The relationship between telomeres and longevity and changing the length of telomeres is one of the new fields of research on increasing human lifespan and even human immortality. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Telomeres are sequences at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each cell division and determine the lifespan of cells . [ 3 ]
Running in humans is associated with improved health and life expectancy. [4] It is hypothesized that the ancestors of humankind developed the ability to run for long distances about 2.6 million years ago, probably to hunt animals. [5] [6] Competitive running grew out of religious festivals in various areas.
These tasks could include walking, running, or riding a bike. In order to perform this skill, the body's nervous system, muscles, and brain have to all work together. [1] The goal of motor skill is to optimize the ability to perform the skill at the rate of success, precision, and to reduce the energy consumption required for performance.
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) or pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT or PPTg) is a collection of neurons located in the upper pons in the brainstem. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is involved in voluntary movements, [ 3 ] arousal, and provides sensory feedback to the cerebral cortex and one of the main components of the ascending reticular activating ...