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Fecal calprotectin, a marker of colon inflammation, may be elevated. Computed tomography of the abdomen is not routinely necessary, but may show thickening or inflammation in the distal colon (sigmoid colon) with associated diverticulosis. Treatment may consist of antibiotics, aminosalicylates (mesalamine), or prednisone. In rare cases, surgery ...
With abscess confirmed by CT scan, some evidence and clinical guidelines tentatively support the use of oral or IV antibiotics for smaller abscesses (<5 cm) without systemic inflammation, but percutaneous or laparoscopic drainage may be necessary for larger abscesses (>5 cm). [63] [66]
The sigmoid colon is completely surrounded by peritoneum (and thus is not retroperitoneal), which forms a mesentery (sigmoid mesocolon), which diminishes in length from the center toward the ends of the loop, where it disappears, so that the loop is fixed at its junctions with the iliac colon and rectum, but enjoys a considerable range of movement in its central portion.
Complicated diverticulitis is treated with antibiotics and may require surgical interventions such as abscess drainage or fistula repair. [8] Pain is managed with antispasmodics or acetaminophen, rather than NSAIDs (ibuprofen, aspirin, etc.). [16] Antibiotics should be used selectively in most cases of uncomplicated diverticulitis.
CT scan showing extensive diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon Diverticular disease Whole slide of a transverse section of the left colon with diverticulosis. Diverticulosis is defined by the presence of multiple pouches (diverticula) in the colon. [22] In people without symptoms, these are usually found incidentally during other investigations.
A proctosigmoidectomy, Hartmann's operation or Hartmann's procedure is the surgical resection of the rectosigmoid colon with closure of the anorectal stump and formation of an end colostomy. It was used to treat colon cancer or inflammation (proctosigmoiditis, proctitis, diverticulitis, volvulus, etc.).
Precancerous polyps and sigmoid colon cancer are common indications for sigmoidectomy. Benign indications for sigmoidectomy include diverticular disease, especially when complicated by perforation or fistulae , sigmoid volvulus , trauma, and ischemic or infectious colitis . [ 11 ]
Drainage of: intracranial hygroma, subarachnoid abscess (cerebral), subdural empyema ... Myotomy of sigmoid colon Myotomy of other parts of colon