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It is the process of making decisions for long term learning, to align personal needs of physical or psychological fulfillment with career advancement opportunities. [1] Career Development can also refer to the total encompassment of an individual's work-related experiences, leading up to the occupational role they may hold within an organization.
Career and life skills: flexibility and adaptability, initiative and self-direction, social and cross-cultural interaction, productivity and accountability Many of these skills are also identified as key qualities of progressive education , a pedagogical movement that began in the late nineteenth century and continues in various forms to the ...
Career Pathways is a workforce development strategy used in the United States to support students' transition from education into the workforce. This strategy has been adopted at the federal, state and local levels in order to increase education, training and learning opportunities for America’s current and emerging workforce .
In the past, advancement often took place in internal labor markets (ILMs) so promotions and upward mobility occurred within the same firm workers were hired in. "They promoted predictability, stability, and long-term skill development". [6] ILMs no longer dominate the field of career advancement as a result of the dualization of labor markets.
People may have several skills, some unrelated to each other, and each skill will typically be at one of the stages at a given time. Many skills require practice to remain at a high level of competence. The four stages suggest that individuals are initially unaware of how little they know, or unconscious of their incompetence.
Goal setting may have the drawback of inhibiting implicit learning if the required knowledge and strategic awareness are not in place: goal setting may encourage simple focus on an outcome without openness to exploration, understanding, or growth and result in lower performance than simply encouraging people to "do their best".
Lifelong learning is the "ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated" [1] pursuit of learning for either personal or professional reasons.. Lifelong learning is important for an individual's competitiveness and employability, but also enhances social inclusion, active citizenship, and personal development.
However, training and development may lead to adverse outcomes if it is not strategic and goal-oriented. [38] Additionally, there is a lack of consensus on the long-term outcomes of training investments; [39] and in the public sector, managers often hold conservative views about the effectiveness of training. [37]