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A presupposition trigger is a lexical item or linguistic construction which is responsible for the presupposition, and thus "triggers" it. [4] The following is a selection of presuppositional triggers following Stephen C. Levinson 's classic textbook on Pragmatics , which in turn draws on a list produced by Lauri Karttunen .
Linguistic entailments are entailments which arise in natural language. If a sentence A entails a sentence B , sentence A cannot be true without B being true as well. [ 1 ] For instance, the English sentence "Pat is a fluffy cat" entails the sentence "Pat is a cat" since one cannot be a fluffy cat without being a cat.
In pragmatics, a subdiscipline of linguistics, an implicature is something the speaker suggests or implies with an utterance, even though it is not literally expressed. Implicatures can aid in communicating more efficiently than by explicitly saying everything we want to communicate. [ 1 ]
Thus, if and are propositions, then {,} is the denotation of the question whether or is true. Since the 1970s, it has been extended and adapted to analyze phenomena including focus, [1] scope, disjunction, [2] NPIs, [3] [4] presupposition, and implicature. [5] [6]
She is an Emeritus Professor at the Department of Linguistics of Ohio State University. Her work in the areas of pragmatics and formal semantics explores how meaning is conveyed through anaphora , definiteness , and specificity of referring expressions, the modeling of presupposition and implicature, and methods for capturing modality, mood ...
In semantics, pragmatics, and philosophy of language, a question under discussion (QUD) is a question which the interlocutors in a discourse are attempting to answer. In many formal and computational theories of discourse, the QUD (or an ordered set of QUD's) is among the elements of a tuple called the conversational scoreboard which represents the current state of the conversation.
In pragmatics, scalar implicature, or quantity implicature, [1] is an implicature that attributes an implicit meaning beyond the explicit or literal meaning of an utterance, and which suggests that the utterer had a reason for not using a more informative or stronger term on the same scale. The choice of the weaker characterization suggests ...
In formal semantics, Strawson entailment is a variant of the concept of entailment which is insensitive to presupposition failures. Formally, a sentence P Strawson-entails a sentence Q iff Q is always true when P is true and Qs presuppositions are satisfied. For example, "Maria loves every cat" Strawson-entails "Maria loves her cat" because ...