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In electrical engineering, impedance is the opposition to alternating current presented by the combined effect of resistance and reactance in a circuit. [1]Quantitatively, the impedance of a two-terminal circuit element is the ratio of the complex representation of the sinusoidal voltage between its terminals, to the complex representation of the current flowing through it. [2]
It is the time required to charge the capacitor, through the resistor, from an initial charge voltage of zero to approximately 63.2% of the value of an applied DC voltage, or to discharge the capacitor through the same resistor to approximately 36.8% of its initial charge voltage.
For example, in order to match an inductive load into a real impedance, a capacitor needs to be used. If the load impedance becomes capacitive, the matching element must be replaced by an inductor. In many cases, there is a need to use the same circuit to match a broad range of load impedance and thus simplify the circuit design.
In electronics, a constant phase element is an equivalent electrical circuit component that models the behaviour of a double layer, that is, an imperfect capacitor (see double-layer capacitance). Constant phase elements are also used in equivalent circuit modeling and data fitting of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data.
The value of each capacitor in farads is the same as the inductance of the associated permeance in henrys. N 1, N 2, and N 3 are the number of turns in the three primary windings. N 4, N 5, and N 6 are the number of turns in the three secondary windings. Φ 1, Φ 2, and Φ 3 are the fluxes in the three vertical elements.
In some sources Oliver Heaviside is given credit for coining the term, [2] or with introducing the concept under the name permittance. [3] This claim is mistaken according to Steinmetz's biographer. [4] The term susceptance does not appear anywhere in Heaviside's collected works, and Heaviside used the term permittance to mean capacitance, not ...
The input impedance of an infinite line is equal to the characteristic impedance since the transmitted wave is never reflected back from the end. Equivalently: The characteristic impedance of a line is that impedance which, when terminating an arbitrary length of line at its output, produces an input impedance of equal value. This is so because ...
The loss tangent is defined by the angle between the capacitor's impedance vector and the negative reactive axis. If the capacitor is used in an AC circuit, the dissipation factor due to the non-ideal capacitor is expressed as the ratio of the resistive power loss in the ESR to the reactive power oscillating in the capacitor, or
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