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The List Update or the List Access problem is a simple model used in the study of competitive analysis of online algorithms.Given a set of items in a list where the cost of accessing an item is proportional to its distance from the head of the list, e.g. a linked List, and a request sequence of accesses, the problem is to come up with a strategy of reordering the list so that the total cost of ...
QIP is a version of IP replacing the BPP verifier by a BQP verifier, where BQP is the class of problems solvable by quantum computers in polynomial time. The messages are composed of qubits. [ 6 ] In 2009, Jain, Ji, Upadhyay, and Watrous proved that QIP also equals PSPACE , [ 7 ] implying that this change gives no additional power to the protocol.
Here, complexity refers to the time complexity of performing computations on a multitape Turing machine. [1] See big O notation for an explanation of the notation used. Note: Due to the variety of multiplication algorithms, M ( n ) {\displaystyle M(n)} below stands in for the complexity of the chosen multiplication algorithm.
The complexity class NP may be viewed as a very simple proof system. In this system, the verifier is a deterministic, polynomial-time machine (a P machine). The protocol is: The prover looks at the input and computes the solution using its unlimited power and returns a polynomial-size proof certificate.
The most general complexity class arising out of this characterization is the class IP (interactive polynomial time), which is the class of all problems solvable by an interactive proof system (,), where is probabilistic polynomial-time and the proof system satisfies two properties: for a language
In theoretical computer science, the time complexity is the computational complexity that describes the amount of computer time it takes to run an algorithm. Time complexity is commonly estimated by counting the number of elementary operations performed by the algorithm, supposing that each elementary operation takes a fixed amount of time to ...
A (max) heap is a tree-based data structure which satisfies the heap property: for any given node C, if P is a parent node of C, then the key (the value) of P is greater than or equal to the key of C. In addition to the operations of an abstract priority queue, the following table lists the complexity of two additional logical operations:
In computational complexity theory, the complexity class ⊕P (pronounced "parity P") is the class of decision problems solvable by a nondeterministic Turing machine in polynomial time, where the acceptance condition is that the number of accepting computation paths is odd.