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φρόνησις: prudence, practical virtue and practical wisdom, or, colloquially, sense (as in "good sense", "horse sense"). physis φύσις: nature. pneuma πνεῦμα: air, breath, spirit, often as a principle in Stoic physics. proêgmena προηγμένα: preferred things. Morally indifferent but naturally desirable things, such as ...
The cardinal virtues are four virtues of mind and character in classical philosophy. They are prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance. They form a virtue theory of ethics. The term cardinal comes from the Latin cardo (hinge); [1] these four virtues are called "cardinal" because all other virtues fall under them and hinge upon them. [2]
The Paradoxa Stoicorum (English: Stoic Paradoxes) is a work by the academic skeptic philosopher Cicero in which he attempts to explain six famous Stoic sayings that appear to go against common understanding: (1) virtue is the sole good; (2) virtue is the sole requisite for happiness; (3) all good deeds are equally virtuous and all bad deeds equally vicious; (4) all fools are mad; (5) only the ...
A Stoic of virtue, by contrast, would amend one's will to suit the world and remain, in the words of Epictetus, "sick and yet happy, in peril and yet happy, dying and yet happy, in exile and happy, in disgrace and happy", [6] thus positing a "completely autonomous" individual will and at the same time a universe that is "a rigidly deterministic ...
He was the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy, which he taught in Athens from about 300 BC. Based on the moral ideas of the Cynics , Stoicism laid great emphasis on goodness and peace of mind gained from living a life of virtue in accordance with nature .
Stoic ethics. Add languages. Add links. ... Printable version; In other projects ... From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirect page. Redirect to: Stoicism# ...
Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium (Latin for "Moral Letters to Lucilius"), also known as the Moral Epistles and Letters from a Stoic, is a letter collection of 124 letters that Seneca the Younger wrote at the end of his life, during his retirement, after he had worked for the Emperor Nero for more than ten years.
Hecato or Hecaton of Rhodes (Greek: Ἑκάτων; fl. c. 100 BC) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. [1] He was a native of Rhodes, and a disciple of Panaetius, [2] but nothing else is known of his life. It is clear that he was eminent amongst the Stoics of the period. He was a voluminous writer, but nothing remains. [3]