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The first chapter of the first book is a table of contents, while the last chapter of the last book is a short 73 verse epilogue asserting that all thirty-two Yukti–elements of correct reasoning methods were deployed to create the text; [28] both were probably later added to the original text.
Chanakya (ISO: Cāṇakya, pronunciation ⓘ), according to legendary narratives [a] preserved in various traditions dating from the 4th to 11th century CE, was a Brahmin who assisted the first Mauryan emperor Chandragupta in his rise to power and the establishment of the Maurya Empire.
The ancient Indian philosopher Chanakya (Kautilya), who was also the chief advisor of the Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya, used this theory in his treatise Arthashastra to describe why a state should enhance its size and security. According to Chanakya, in absence of government or rule of law, the human society will degenerate into a state ...
During 313 BC, in the Mauryan period Kautilya created the treatise called Kautilya Arthashastra.He laid down the qualifications for appointments of civil servants. During 1000–1600 AD, in the medieval period, Akbar the Great nurtured the civil service.
Kautilya mentioned four Upayas - Sama, Dana or Dama, Danda and Bheda as ways to solve state politics to avoid conflicts and war situations (Arthashastra 2.10.47). [5] This phrase is also commonly used when you need to find a solution to a problem anyhow. Sāma, the first step, means conciliation or
In 1905, Shamasastry discovered the Arthashastra among a heap of manuscripts. He transcribed, edited and published the Sanskrit edition in 1909. He proceeded to translate it into English, publishing it in 1915. [3] The manuscript was in the Early Grantha script. Other copies of the Arthashastra were discovered later in other parts of India.
Thomas Roger Trautmann is an American historian, cultural anthropologist, and Professor Emeritus of History and Anthropology at the University of Michigan.He is considered a leading expert on the Arthashastra, the ancient Hindu text on statecraft, economic policy, and military strategy, written in Sanskrit. [1]
Arthashastra: polity: Sanskrit: Chanakya (aka Kautilya) Chandragupta Maurya: 321 BCE - 301 BCE [citation needed] Magadha: Bihar: Milinda Panha: Dialogues with King Milinda : Pali: Menander: circa 150 BCE [citation needed] Sagala: Sialkot in Punjab: Sangam literature: Tamil: 100 B.C.E - 250 C.E Tamil Nadu Buddhacharita: Buddhism: Life of ...